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I*ITERF0OL.
Just Published,
BY BENJAMIN SMITH, 74, SOUTH CASTLE-STREET,
AND MAY BE HAD OF ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.
A NEW PLAN OF LIVERPOOLo
A New Illustrated Plan of Liverpool and its
Suburbs, (on a Sheet) Os. 'Jd.
Ditto, Ditto, (in Case, for Pocket) with
Lists of Coach Fares, Hotels and Banks, Is. 6tl.
of the
PRINCIPAL
PUBLIC IWIlUliS
of
LIVERPOOL,
containing
The New Assize Coui-ts, and
St. George's Hall,
Town Hall,
Custom House,
Apothecaries' Hall, | Plan of Liverpool 1650.
Royal Bank Buildings, ' View of Liverpool 1729,
Railway Station,
Saint Luke's Church,
Great George-st. Chapel,
Saint James' Cemetery.
On Enamelled Cards, price id. each, or Is. 6d per Set oj
six in a neat Envelope ;
And on Letter Paper, price "id. each, or 3s. 6d.per quire.
SMITH'S
STRANGERS' GUIDE
TO
LIVERPOOL,
ITS ENVIRONS, AND PART OF CHESHIRE,
1843.
BY ALEXANDER BROWN, A. M.
iibPtpool :
FEINTED AND PUBLISHED BY BENJAMIN SMITH,
SOUTH CASTLE-STKEET.
PREFACE.
The Publisher of tie "Stranger's Guide to Liverpool'
trusts that the following pages will be found useful, not only as a
silent cicerone to the sti-anger, enabling him to spend, with plea-
sure and profit, a few days in this seat of commerce, but that they
will open up to the resident much that is interesting, as well as
new.
In compressing an accoimt of every public building, institu-
tion, and object of note in Liverpool, into a space so small, as to
enable the work to be afforded at a moderate price, care has been
taken to omit nothing of importance ; and the arrangement which
has been adopted, is that best suited to the wants of the stranger.
For his special use an Itixerart has been added, together
with an Appendix, containing such Usts for reference as are most
required. In connexion with the descriptive matter, interesting
statistical information has been introduced whenever practicable
or useful. This department might have been extended, but while
we write the figures, the facts are changing, and it is, therefore,
needless to give numbers of only present value.
The Editor is aware that in the descriptions of nearbj five
hundred of
" the things of fame
That do renown this city" —
some errors may have found their way into his work, yet he hopes
they are both few and unimportant, and that he has delineated
faithfully, though briefly, the most prominent features of the ob-
jects constituting "the lions" of Livei-pool; its sights, amuse-
ments, exhibitions, theatres, churches, courts of justice, prisons,
hospitals, monuments ; squares, streets, docks, warehouses, pub-
PREFACE.
lie buildings, markets, shops; manufactures, railroads, steam-
boats, shipping ; together with the manifold associations of civil
government, police, population, mortality, charities, industry,
wealth, education, literature, science and the ai-ts.
To the kind patronage of the public, therefore, is committed
The Strangers' Guide to
LIVERPOOL,
" one of the finest towns in the world ; the abode of industry
and of opulence ; the home of commerce and magnificence,
familiar to those far sojourners who inhabit ' realms that Caesar
never knew,' whose merchants are princes, and whose name is
borae in ocean leagues ' thrice form the centre to the uttermost
pole' by all the winds that blow — ."
The Publisher will feel grateful for information respecting
Nev: Buildings, Institutions, Societies, ifc. ; or for suggestions of
any additions or alterations that may be desirable.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. Plan of Liverpool, with Elevations of Principal
Public Buildings, drawn to Scale, and a View of
THE Rock Fort and Lighthouse.
2. Assize Courts and St. George's Hall. — Frontispiece.
3. View of Liverpool in 1650 page 9
4. Plan of Ditto in 1729 IS
-5. Custom-house 26
6. Town-hall 31
7. Royal Bank Buildings 37
8. Mechanics' Institution 79
9. Collegiate Institution 82
10. St. Luke's Church 127
11. Great George-street Chapel 140
12. St. James' Cemetery 1.51
13. Railway Station 155
14. Apothecaries' Hall 161
15. Promoli and Hausburg's Bazaar IHO
16. COALBROOKDALE IrON COMPANY'S WAREHOUSE . . 181
17. Birkenhead Ferry 228
18. Royal Rock Ferry ., .. 229
INDEX.
PAGE
Abb AToiR Company . . .. .. .. .. 162
Accommodations, Public . • . . . . . . 163
Aigburth 225
Aintree Race Course .. .. .. .. 177
Allerton 224
Alms-bouses . . . . . . . . . . 99
Sbipwrigbts' 99
American Packets . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ampbitbeatre . . . . . . . . . . 176
Amusement, Places of . . . . . . . . 170
Ancient Buildings, Fragments of . . . . . . 204
Ancient Records and Manuscripts . . . . . . 204
Antiquities . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Apotbecaries' Hall . . . . . . . . . . 161
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Arcade 166
Arrirals of Vessels, Total 24
Assembly Rooms . . . . . . . . . . 179
Assize Courts, New .. .. .. .. .. 67
Bankers in Liverpool , , . . . . . . 40
Banks 37
North and Soutb Wales 39
of England, Branch 39
of Savings , . . . , . . . . . 39
Royal 37
Union 38
Barracks 168
Bathing Machines 168
Baths, and AVasbhouse .. .. .. .. 167
Corporation 166
Floating 166
Medicated 167
Vapour 167
Bazaar, Promoli and Hausburg's . . . . . . 180
Beacon, Everton . . . . . . . . . . 202
Bebbington 229
INDEX.
PAGE
Bethel Union 107
Bidston 230
Biographical Sketches of Natives . • . . . . 188
Birkenhead 228
Priory 201
Blind Asylum 94
Catholic 95
Blue Coat Hospital 99
Bootle 223
Borough Jail . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Botanic Garden 170
Bridewell 71
British and Foreign Bible Society . . . . . . 108
Ladies' Branch 108
Broad Green 224
Brougham Institute . . . . . . . . . . 84
Buildings, Public and Commercial . . . . . . 26
Caldee Stones . . . . . . . . . . 202
Canal Packets 245
Catholic Orphan House . . . . . . . . 105
Cemeteries .. .. .. .. .. .. 151
Jews' . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Necropolis ,. .. .. .. .. 153
Old Baptist 154
Parochial . . . . . . . . . . 154
St. James' .. .. .. .. .. 151
St. Mary's 153
Chapels, Baptist . . 143
Byrom-street . . . . • . 144
Lime-street . . . . • . . . 144
Pembroke . . . . . . . . 143
Soho-street . . . . . . . . 144
Floating 149
Independent . . . . . . . . 140
Crescent . . . . . . . . 142
Great George-street . . .. .. 140
Hanover . . . . . . . . 143
Nemngton . . . . . . . . 143
Independent Methodist (Seamen's Church) 147
Methodist New Connexion . . . . 146
Hotham-street . . . . . . 146
Roman Catholic 136
St. Anne's 138
St. Anthony's 137
INDEX.
Chapels, Roman Catholic.
St. Francis Xavier's 138
St. Mary's 136
St. Nicholas' 137
St. Oswald's 138
St. Patrick's 137
St. Peter's 136
Scotch Secession . . . . . . 144
Unitarian . . . . . . . . 149
Paradise-street . . . . . . 149
Park 149
Renshaw-street . . . . . . 149
Wesleyan . . . . . . . . 145
Brunswick .. .. .. ., 145
Great Homer-street . . . . 146
Mount Pleasant . . . . . . 145
Pitt-street . . . . . . . . 145
Wesley . . . . . . . . 146
Wesleyan Association . . . . . . 146
Pleasantstreet . . . . , . 146
Welsh 147
Calvinistic Methodists . . . , 148
Ebenezer . . . . . . . . 148
Pall mall 148
Independent . . . . . . . . 147
Bethel 147
Salem 147
Tabernacle . . . . . . 147
Wesleyan , . . . . . . . 148
Benn's Garden . . . . . . 148
Chester-street 148
Baptist, Great Crosshall-street .. 251
Stanhope-street . . . . . . 251
Charitable Institution House . . . . . . 106
Charitable Institutions . . . . . . . . 86
Charity Schools Ill
Cheshire 226
Childwall 203
Christian Knowledge Society . . , , , . 109
Churches, .. .. .. .. .. .. 114
All Saints 121
Christ 121
St. Andrew's 122
St. Anne's 119
1
X INDEX.
1
PAGE
1 Churclies.
St. Augustine's . .
126
St. Barnabas'
132
St. Bartholomew's
131
St. Bride's
127
St. Catharine's
129
St. Clement's
133
St. David's
125
St. George's
117
St. George's (Everton) . .
122
St. .Tames'
121
St. John's
119
St. John the Baptist's . .
130
St. John the Evangelist's
134
St. Jude's
128
St. Luke's
127
St. Mark's
122
Mariner's
134
St. Martin's-in-the-Fields
125
St. Mary's (Blind Asvlum)
123
St. Mary's (Edge-hill) . .
122
St. Matthew's
120
St. Matthias'
130
St. Michael's
124
St. Nicholas'
114
St. Paul's
118
St. Peter's
116
St. Philip's
123
St. Saviour's
131
St. Silas'
132
St. Simon's
131
St. Stephen's
120
St. Thomas'
118
St. Thomas' -in-the-Fields
133
Trinity
120
Church of Holy Apostles
138
of Scotland
135
Oldham-street
135
St. Andrew's . .
135
St. Peter's
136
Civil Jurisdiction
65
Clarendon Rooms
72
Coaches, Stage
244
Coalbrookdale Company's Warehouse
181
INDEX.
xi
PAGE
Commercial and Joint Stock Companies
155
Commercial and Literary Institutions
72
Convent of Sisters of Mercy
106
Cotton Sales-room
41
Conveyances . .
169
Com Exchange
37
Crosby
223
Croxteth Park
224
Custom-house
26
Dingle
172
Dispensaries, North and South
88
Eastern
90
Dissenters, Origin of in Liveqjool . .
139
Disti-ict Pro^-ideut Society
103
Dock Office
30
Docks, The
41
Brunswick
51
Canning
48
Clarence
44
Cohurg
51
Duke's
49
George's
47
Graving
56
Kings
50
New
49
New South
52
Prince's
46
Queen s
50
Salthouse
49
Trafalgar
45
Union
51
1 Victoria
45
1 Waterloo
46
1 Government of
43
1 Table of Dimensions
53
Eastham
229
Educational Institutions . . . . . .
110
Egremont
232
Emigration
64
Environs
223
Estabhshed Church
114
Everton
219
Exchange Buildings . .
34
Excise Office
30
INDEX.
PAGE
Exhibition Rooms . . . . . . . . . . 178
Eye and Ear Infirmary . . . . . . . . 98
Fawcett AND Preston's Works .. .. .. 182
Female Orphan Society .. .. .. .. 105
Female Penitentiary .. .. .. .. .. 101
Floating Lights 64
Fort and Lighthouse 232
Friends' Meeting-house .. .. .. .. 150
Gas Light Companv, Liverpool 160
Birkenhead 160
Gas (New) and Coke Company, Liverpool . . . . 160
Gateacre 224
Government, Civil . . . . . . . . . . 65
Gymnasiums . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Hackney Coach and Car Fares . . . . . . 240
Hale HaU 203
Healthy Situation of Liverpool .. .. .. 16
History of Liverpool, Ancient .. .. ., 9
Commercial . . . . . . 18
Hotels, &c 168
List of Principal 245
House of Correction , . . . . . . . . . 70
House of Recovery . . . . . . • . . - 93
Ince Bldndell .. .. .. •. .. 223
Infirmary . . . . . . . . • • . . 86
Institutions, Collegiate . . . . • . . . 82
Literary, Scientific, and Commercial . . 84
Mechanics' . . . . . • . . 79
Ditto, Northern 81
Medical 83
Royal 76
Institute, Brougham 84
Itinerary 205
Jews' Synagogue . . . . • • • • • • 150
Kiekdale 224
Knowsley Hall 224
Ladies' Charity 103
Lancashire Refuge for the Destitute . . . . 102
Leasowe Castle . . . . . . . . • . 231
Libraries, Athenaeum . . . . . . . . 73
Clerical 75
Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . 74
IXDEX,
xiii
page
Libraries, Mechanics' and Apprentices'
84
Life-boats
60
Light-houses . .
62
Litherland
223
Liscard
232
Liverpool Charitable Society
104
Lock Hospital
88
Lunatic Asylum
87
Magazines, The
232
Magdalen Asylum, CathoUc
101
Manufactures
182
Miscellaneous
186
Marine Humane Society
106
Mariner's Church Society
107
Markets, Cattle
165
Fish
163
Hay
16o
Pedlers'
164
St. James'
164
St. John's
163
St. Martin's
164
Mates' Association Rooms . •
85
Mersey Iron and Steel Works
185
Monks' Ferry
228
Monument of George III. . .
217
Huskisson
152
Nelson
35
MortalitT, Bills of
16
Mount, The
173
Music Hall
179
Naval and ]Military Bible Society
109
Ladies' Branch .
109
Nelson Assembly Eooms
179
Nelson's Moniunent .
35
New Brighton
231
New Ferry
229
Newspapers . .
200
Newsrooms . .
73
Athenaeum
73
Exchange
73
Lyceum
74
Union . .
75
Night Asylum
102
INDEX,
Nortliern Hospital . . . . . . . . . . 90
Old Swan 224
Olive Mount 226
Omnibuses . . . • . . . . . . . . 244
Origin of Dissenters in LiverjDOol . . . . . . 139
Palatine Club House . . . . . . . . 177
Parish Offices 72
Patent Slip, Laird's 185
Permanent Gallery of Art . . . . . . . . 78
Photographic Establishment .. .. .. 173
Pilot Boats 60
Places of Meeting 179
Worship .. .. .. .. .. 114
Hours of Service at, and Ministers of 249
Police Establishment . . . . . . . . 66
Population of Liverpool . . . . . . . . 14
the Environs . . . . . . 15
Porters 169
Portico 179
Post-office 29
Arrangements . . . . . . . . 234
Prince Rupert's Cottage 201
Prince's Parade .. .. ■• .. •• 210
Priorv, Birkenhead 201
Public Parks 172
Quarantine 61
Eace Course . . . . . . . . • • . . 177
Railway Trains, Departures of . . . . . . 239
Railways, Chester and Birkenhead . . . . 158
Liverpool and Manchester .. .. 155
Recreations and Amusements . . . . . . 170
Revenue Buildings . . . . . • . . . . 26
Rock Ferry 228
Rotunda 177
Royal Assembly Rooms .. .. .. .. 179
Schools, Charity .. .. .. .. .. Ill
Church of England 110
Corporation .. .. .. .. 110
for the Blind 94
for the Deaf and Dumb 95
Seacombe .. .. " 233
Seaforth 223
INDEX.
Seal of King John 204
Seamen's Friend Society . . . . . . . . 107
Sefton 223
Sessions House • . • . . . . . . . 69
Ship Building Yards, Laird's 185
Wilson's 186
Shipmasters' Association . . . . . • . . 85
Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Shipwreck and Humane Society . . . . . . 107
Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor . . 104
Soup Kitchens . . . . . . . . . . 104
Southern and Toxteth Hospital .. .. .. 91
SpekeHall 202
Stamp Office 30
Steam Tug Company .. .. .. .. 161
Steam Vessels . . . . . . . . . . 58
Duhlia 59
Glasgow . . . . . . . . 59
North American . . . . . . 58
Time of Sailing 237
Strangers' Friend Society . . . . . . . . 104
St. Domingo House . . . . . . . . . . 220
St. George's Hall 178
St. James' Walk 173
Sunday School Union . . . . . . . . 109
Sword of State, Ancient 204
Telegraph 61
Theatres, Amphitheatre 176
Liver .. .. .. .. .. 176
Royal 176
Tobacco Warehouse . . . . . . . . . • 30
Town-hall 31
Town Mission 108
Toxteth-park 225
Tract Society 109
Tranmere 228
Underweiteks' Eooms . . . . . . . . 41
Vessels, Total arrivals of 24
Wallasey . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Walton 224
Wash-house and Baths . . . . . . . . 167
Water Company, Birkenhead .. .. .. 160
Waterloo 223
Water Works, Bootle 159
Liverpool and Harrington . . . . 159
Wavertree 225
Wavertree Ancient Well 202
Wellington-rooms • . . . . . . . . . 176
Welsh Charitable Society 105
West Derby 224
Woodside 226
Woolton 224
Workhouse, Liverpool . . . . . . . . 93
West Derby Union 220
Zoological Gabdens . . . . . . . . 170
HISTORY OF LIVERPOOL.
As is the case with all places which have slowly
emerged from obscurity, the early history of Liverpool
is very imperfect. It was not known by name pre-
viously to the year ] 089, and it is not mentioned in
Doomsday-Book, although the neighbouring villages
of E verton, Formby, and Litherland, are enumerated.
The derivation of the name Livei-pool, has been fre-
quently examined, but nothing decisive has been
ascertained respecting it. The orthography has un-
dergone many alterations, the name having succes-
sively been Lyrpul, Litherpul, Ly'rpole, LjTerpool,
Lyverpol, Lurpole, Liverpol, Leverpool,and Liverpool.
In the year 1207 a charter was granted by King
John to this embryo town, conferring on the inhabi-
tants " all the liberties and free customs which any
other free borough upon the sea hath in our terri-
tories." In 1227 the charter was confirmed by
Henry III, who made the place a free borough for
ever, for a tine of ten marks, and directed the forma-
tion of a guild, enacting that no person, unless of
that guild, should " make merchandise," without
the consent of the burgesses.
At various periods other charters were obtained,
all of which appear to have been the means of
bringing the town into notice, and of promoting its
improvement and extension. In 1561 there were
B
10 HISTORY OF
only seven streets, with 138 cottages and 690 inha-
bitants. They were Chapel-street, Bancke-street,
(now Water- street), Moor-street, (now Tithebam-
street), Castle-street, Dale-street, High-street or
Joggler-street,and Mylnestreet, (now Oldhall- street).
In the year 1650 Liverpool had acquired consider-
able importance ; and from that period may be dated
the rapid progress of its prosperity, and the com-
mencement of that commercial greatness which now
renders it so conspicuous.
Atthistime the most prominent objects in the town
were the Castle, the Tower, the Custom-house, and
the Old Church. The Castle stood on the site of
St. George's Church, and is supposed to have been
built by Roger de Poictiers about the year 1076. It
was intended to command the harbour, and was sur-
rounded by a moat, into which the tide was admitted.
It long stood the ravages of time, and the storms of
political changes, and was only taken down in 1721.
In 1420 its form was nearly rectangular, and it had
four towers and battlements, with a large hall,
and numerous apartments, and it enclosed an area
about 49 yards square. Witliin the building was a
well, brewhouse, bakehouse, and other conveniences.
In digging the foundation for St. George's Church
in 1826, the supposed south-west angle of the tower
was discovered, and in 1828, when the Crescent was
being built, a much larger portion of the ruins of the
castle was met with.
The Tower was situated at the bottom of Water-
street, on the north side ; but it is not known at
what period, or by whom it was erected. About the
year 1360 the tower was the property of Sir Thomas
LIVERPOOL
de Latham, by whom it was presented to his son-in-
law Sir John Stanley, along with several houses in
the neighbourhood. In 1406 permission was obtained
from Henry IV. to erect a spacious building on the
former site, which received the same appellation, and
it remained for some centuries in possession of the
Stanley family. At a later period, prior to the mid-
dle of the 18th century, it was converted into an
assembly room, and was subsequently occupied as a
jail. In 1819 this relique of antiquity was pulled
down and warehouses erected on its site.
The Custom-house was a small building on the
margin of the river, at the bottom of Water-street.
The Old Church occupied the present site of St.
Nicholas' Church; and the cemetery attached to it,
being on the beach, was washed by each successive
tide.
The Pool was a dirty swampy inlet, extending
over the space now occupied by the Custom-house,
along Paradise- street, Whitechapel, and Byrom-
street, to Richmond-row, varjing in width from about
1200 feet at its junction with the Mersey, to 150 or
200 feet at the bottom of Shaw's Brow, and being
upwards of a mile in length. It was crossed by a
bridge where Cooper's Row now is, by another at the
end of Dale-street, and by a third, which was built
by Lord Molyneux, at the bottom of Lord-street. It
is not known at what period these bridges were re-
moved. At the corner of Whitechapel and Sir
Thomas' Buildings was a boat-house, with a ferry-
boat for the convenience of passengers crossing the
Pool; and there were sluices, or flood-gates, for the
retention of the water, a little higher up. There
12 HISTORY OF
was a stream proceeding from Mosslake fields, in a
course along the present Pembroke-place, across
London-road to the north end of Byrom-street,
thence to the Pool, which was considered of great im-
portance, as it served to cleanse the Pool when its
flood-gates were opened.
The Harbour, till the construction of the first
dock, was probably nothing more than a projecting
pier, affording partial shelter to vessels lying within
it. Where St. John's Church now stands was an
extensive heath, which in 1743 was enclosed by
order of the corporation, as a place for the inhabi-
tants to dry clothes. Behind the present site of the
Exchange was a hall belonging to the Moore family,
where now stands the office occupied by Messrs.
Barton, Irlam, and Higginson, and which gave name
to Oldb all -street, in which it was situated.
In different parts of the town were crosses, none
of which now remain, although the names of some
of the streets may be traced to their proximity to
them. The High Cross was situated where Exchange-
street East now is. White Cross at the top of Chapel -
street, St. Patrick's Cross in Tithebarn-street, and
Townsend Cross at the bottom of Shaw's Brow.
It is pleasing to examine the ancient history of
Liverpool, and to observe occurrences there noted,
which we are now inclined to think strange, and to
trace the rapid progress of the town as it rises from
the condition of a fishing village to that of the second
commercial seaport in the world : but the limits of
this work do not admit of further detail. A notice
of a few of the leading historical events may, how-
ever, be given : —
LIVERPOOL. 13
In 1338 King Edward the Third, in his expedition
against France, required Liverpool to furnish one
small vessel to be manned by six mariners, while
Bristol had to provide 24, and Hull 16 vessels.
In 1563 the first prize ship taken by a Liverpool
privateer arrived in the river, captured by a vessel of
Sir Thomas Stanley's.
In 1644 the town was besieged by Prince Rupert,
and was defended for a considerable time by Colonel
Moore. At this period a high mud wall, with a
ditch twelve yards wide and three yards deep, forti-
fied the town from the east end of Dale-street to the
river. It was also defended by the castle, which
mounted a number of cannon, and a fort with eight
guns, at the entrance of the harbour, which served
not only to annoy the besiegers, but to protect the
shipping. The head quarters of the Prince were at
Everton, the camp being in the neighbourhood of
St. Domingo ; and the cottage in which he himself
lodged is still remaining. After numerous unsuc-
cessful attacks had been made on the town, it sur-
rendered on the 26th June, and many of the
inhabitants were put to the sword, while the remain-
der were confined in the tower and St. Nicholas'
Church. Shortly afterwards it was retaken by the par-
liamentary forces ; and in 1646 the walls were ordered
to be repaired, and 500 tons of timber were granted
for re-building the houses that had been destroyed
by the troops of the Prince.
In 1648 Wallasey was considered a powerful rival
to Liverpool, which now possessed 24 vessels of 462
tons, and 76 men.
In 1651 the town was visited by a dreadful plague.
14 HISTORY OF
which carried off 200 persons. For the purpose of
preventing the threatened extension of the contagion,
all who died of it were ordered to be immediately
buried in Sickman's-lane, now Addison- street.
In 1715, on the advance of the Pretender's army,
great preparations were made for the defence of the
town. An intrenchment was thrown up, 70 pieces
of cannon mounted, and one-third of the avenues
laid under water. The shipping was so disposed
that the rebels could neither plunder the town, nor
make use of the vessels if they had so determined ;
and four of the rebels were executed in the neigh-
bourhood of Loudon road.
During the rebellion in 1745, Liverpool raised an
entire regiment, called the Royal Liverpool Blues,
composed of 648 men, and five companies of volun-
teers, for the defence of the town. The expense,
upwards of £6000, was defrayed by subscription, the
corporation giving £2000. Active preparations were
made for the protection of the inhabitants, batteries
were erected, and the town was put in a complete
state of defence.
Referring the reader who is desirous of studying
more minutely the early history of Liverpool, to
" Enfield's History," or " Gregson's Fragments of
the History of Lancashire," we now pass on to the
more recent statistics of the town.
The population of Liverpool in 1555 consisted of
138 householders, inhabiting 28 houses or cottages.
In 1700 there were 1,142 houses and 5,714 inhabitants.
„ 1720 „ 2,367 „ 11,833
18,000
25,787
77,708
1742
3,600
1760
5,156
1801
„ 11,784
LIVERPOOL.
In 1821tliere were 20,339 houses and 118,972 inhabitants.
„ 1831 „ 27,361 „ 165,221
„ 1841 „ „ 224,954
The above statement gives the population of the
parish only. From 1801 to 1811 the increase per
cent, of inhabitants appears to have been nearly 23 ;
from 1811 to 1821 it was 26 per cent. ; from 1821 to
1831, 38| per cent.; and from 1831 to 1841 nearly
35 per cent.
In the parliamentary borough are included the
townships of Everton, Kirkdale, "West Derby, and
Toxteth Park, The following exhibits the po-
pulation of these townships at three decennial
periods.
1821. 1831. 1841.
Everton
2,109
4,518
9,148
Kirkdale
861
2,591
3,779
West Derby ..
6,304
9,613
16,902
Toxteth Park..
12,829
24,067
41,180
22,103 40,789 71,009
Taking the aggregate population of these town-
ships, there appears to have been in the 10 years
ending 1831, an increase at the rate of 84f per
cent., and in the 10 years ending in 1841, an in-
crease of 74 per cent. By adding together the
total population of these townships and that of the
parish, we arrive at the actual population of the par-
liamentary borough, viz. 293,963, shewing an increase
on the last ten years of 87,999 inhabitants. In addi-
tion to this there are upwards of 13,000 seamen be-
longing to the port, who are not included in the
above return, which number must be added to the
population of the borough to obtain the actual amount
of the inhabitants in Liverpool. It is no exaggera-
16 HISTORY OF
ted statement therefore, to say that the total popu-
lation of Liverpool may be considered to be about
308,000.
From the general bill of mortality for 1841, it ap-
pears that the total number of bui'ials in the parish
of Liverpool, during that period was 5358, being a
decrease of 691 on the amount of the previous year.
The number of births during 1841, (as indicated by
the baptisms,) was 10,223, and of marriages 3383,
shewing an increase in births of 170, and in mar-
riages of 242, since 1840. The total number of births,
including those occurring in the suburbs, but within
the Parliamentary borough, was 11,242; of deaths,
8520; and of marriages, 3687.
The following table distinguishes the ages of the
deceased in the parish during 1841 : —
Under 2 years, 2010 Between 60 and 70 yrs. 297
a2a
nd 5 yrs.
718
„ 70 „ 80 „ 224
5
„ 10 „
252
„ 80 „ 90 „ 76
10
, 20 „
203
„ 90 „ 100 „ 13
20
» 30 „
408
100 & upwards 4
30
» 40 „
468
40
» 50 „
372
Total 5358
50
, 60 „
309
From the Registrar-general's returns for 1840, a
most extraordinary inference, on the subject of the
mortality of Liverpool has been drawn by a recent
writer, in a work entitled " England in the I9th Cen-
turyJ'^ It is there stated, from calculations errone-
ously made on the necessary data, that in Liverpool
there are " double the deaths and marriages, and little
more than half the number of births, averaged in the
totality of England. * * * * This statement we
submit with regret to the high-minded and jjublic-
spirited inhabitants of Liverpool, for they may, per-
LIVERPOOL. 17
haps, })robe the cause." It will be seen, however, by |
applying the Registrar-general's return of births, I
deaths, and marriages, to the total population of j
England in 1841, and the number of births, deaths, i
and marriages in laverpool, to the population of the j
parish, that the very opposite is the ease ; and that j
Liverpool, so far from being an unhealthy town, is j
more salubrious than the majority of the larger towns |
in England. The following are the data on which j
this is grounded : —
England. L'pool parish.
Population in 1841 14,99o,o08 224,954
Proportion of Births to population 1 to 31 1 to 22
„ Deaths „ 1 to 44§ 1 to 43
„ Marriages „ 1 to 125J 1 to 66§
„ Births to Marriages 4 to 1 3 to 1
There are therefore, in the parish of Liverpool, one
half more births, than the proportion averaged in the
total population of England, nearly the same number
of deaths, and double the marriages; which at once
demonstrate the gratifying fact, that the climate of
Liverpool is one of the most congenial in the king-
dom.
18 COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF LIVERPOOL.
For part of the following history of the commerce
of Liverpool, the author is in a great measure in-
debted to an able article on the subject, which re-
cently appeared in the Colonial Magazine.
The naturally advantageous situation of Liverpool,
rendered it at an early period, a place of some con-
sequence, as the emporium whence the productions
of the surrounding country were exported, and to
which vessels in the coasting trade were accustomed
to bring merchandise for the use of the interior.
The sudden and extraordinary increase in the trade
of the town, which has been apparent during the
present century, has been chiefly commensurate with
the manufacturing system, which sprung into ex-
istence in the latter part of the preceding century,
converting villages into towns, with a rapidity only
equalled in the fertile and virgin lands of the new
continent. With the counties of York and Lancaster,
Liverpool has long been connected, and by the nu-
merous means of inland communication which they
possess, it has become the port of the manufacturing
districts, and almost the only place of transit for
their raw material. It is also the chief port from
which these materials are exported in their ma-
nufactured state to other countries, and so long as
England maintains her proud pre-eminence as a
manufacturing country, so long will Liverpool pre-
serve its high prosperity.
So lately as the year 1648, the port was dependent
HISTORY. 19
on Chester, aud had to make its returns of shipping
to that place. A short time afterwards, we find Li-
verpool rated for shipping at £25, while Chester and
Bristol are rated respectively at £26 and £1000.
The earliest traffic with foreign ports, consequent
on the extension of the coasting trade, was chiefly
with the northern parts of Europe, whence timber,
iron, hemp, flax, &c., were imported, and shortly
afterwards, a trade w^as opened with the south of
Europe direct, instead of, as formerly, through the
medium of Bristol and London. After the com-
mencement of the West India and American trade,
Bristol still maintained the superiority ; and it was
not until the manufactures of Manchester called for
a large and constant supply of staple commodities,
that Liverpool took the decided lead in commercial
greatness which it still retains.
From 1722 to 1740, this port was engaged in the
exportation of Manchester goods to Spanish Ame-
rica, to the amount of a million and a half sterling
annually, supplying, by the co-operation of Spanish
and West India traders, in an illicit manner, goods
greatly lower than the jjrice at w^hich an exorbi-
tant duty allow^ed them to be imported. When this
trade was abolished by the British government, a
new channel was opened, by means of which, Liver-
pool amassed enormous wealth.
With the West India trade sprung up, in violation
of the principles of justice and humanity, that in-
human traffic, which has disgraced every nation ever
engaged in it. In 1709, one vessel sailed from Liver-
pool for Africa, for a cargo of slaves, and in 1730, 15
vessels were despatched for the purpose of conveying
20 COMMERCIAL
slaves to the Spanish settlements in Jamaica. This
attempt succeeded beyond all anticipation, and in
1765, no fewer than 86 vessels sailed by this route to
the West Indies, conveying 25,720 slaves, and re-
turning with 10,000 hogsheads and casks of sugar.
London and Bristol now began to feel, by an abate-
ment of the customs received, that a large amount of
the trade was being transferred to Liverpool ; for at
this period, the port had more than one -half of the
African vessels in the kingdom. When the slave trade
was prohibited, the number of vessels had increased
to 126, and although the African and West India
trade consequently suffered some decline during the
following years, yet it afterwards improved in a still
greater ratio than before. The cessation of the slave
trade has not, as might have been expected, seriously
affected the interests of Liverpool ; on the contrary,
a succession of causes continually opened up fresh
channels for enterprise, and gave increasing facility
to mercantile operations.
The American trade, with the exception of the
whale fisheries and the timber trade, is of recent
origin. With the decay of the whale fisheries of the
kingdom generally, the share of its prosperity which
Liverpool possessed during its existence, was re-
moved. In 1764 Liverpool had three whalers
engaged ; in 1788, when the trade was at its zenith,
21 ; and in 1823, when the last vessel was despatched,
it ceased entirely. The timber trade is of more
recent origin, and dates its prosperity from the year
1808, since which period it has become one of the
most important branches of commerce connected
with Liverpool. In 1841 the number of vessels with
HISTORY. 2]
cargoes of timber from British America was 318, of
175,000 tons burden.
The intercourse between Liverpool and the Baltic,
and north of Europe, was long of slow but steady
growth, a circumstance to be attributed to the more
favourable position of the ports of London and Hull,
In 1770 the whole amount of imports from the Baltic
was 621 bales and bundles of hemp, and 2 casks of
tallow. In 1821 it had increased to 2530 tons of
hemp, and 16,670 casks of tallow; and there were also
imjjorted 12,000 barrels of tar. In 1841 the amount
of tallow from the Baltic was 18,000 barrels, and
of tar 46,200 barrels. A considerable trade is car-
ried on in Baltic timber, of which the cargoes of 40
vessels, amounting to 12,000 tons, were received
during 1841. From the south of Europe and the
Levant a large amount of produce is annually re-
ceived in exchange for British manufactm-es, consist-
ing chiefly of oil, grain, gums, madders, and dye-
stuffs, fruit, valonia, &c.; and traders sail regularly
from Liverpool to the different Mediterranean ports.
Outstepping the bounds of the European continent,
the Liverpool merchants, at no very remote period,
extended their traffic to the western hemisphere, em-
bracing in their range the whole extent from the
shores of Greenland to the extremity of Cape Horn.
In 1764, 150 vessels were employed in the American
trade ; but this number declined during the war of
independence. A mighty cause was however in ope-
ration, which soon produced an amazing effect, not
only on the commerce of Liverpool, but on the traffic
of the world. The steam engine and the spinning
jenny were beginning to supersede hand-labour in
22 COMMERCIAL
Britain; and at this juncture, with the means called
into haing of consuming an immensely increased
supply of cotton, America discovered her capability of
affording a supply of the rawmaterial. As early as 1770
minute samples of the article had been brought to this
country ; but at a period even so recent as 1784, an
American vessel was seized with eight bales of cotton
on board, it being suspected that they were falsely
entered. Since that time the ratio of increase in the
amount of cotton imported has been as rapid as that of
the manufacture. In 1790 the amount of imports into
Liverpool was 50 bales, in 1800 it had increased to
29,138 bales, and in 1841 to the enormous amount of
844,601 bales from North America, and including
the imports from Brazil, the East and West Indies,
and Egypt, 1,161,949 bales. The exports of manu-
factures to North America are more than one-fifth of
those to all parts of the globe; and of this part of
the trade Liverpool has by far the greatest proportion.
Upwards of ten packet-ships, as well as other vessels,
and the line of steamers mentioned in a subsequent
part of this work, sail regularly every month to the
different ports in the States, and the Canadas.
With South America, the connexion of this port
is not of very early origin. Although an illicit trafiic
with South America was previously carried on, a
regular communication was not established until the
present century. Since the commercial treaty with
Brazil, cotton is now received directly from that
country, to the extent of, in 1841, 89,534 bales. The
quantity of sugar imported from the same quarter,
during the same year, was 24,960 chests and barrels.
The trade with Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, and Val-
HISTORY. 23
paraiso, appears to have commenced with that to the
Brazils, and since 1808, the amount of hides and tal-
low received thence, and manufactures exported in
return, has been very considerable. In 1841, the
number of hides imported into Liverpool, was up-
wards of 462,000. The number of vessels engaged in
this trade is about 230, of 45,000 tons burthen.
The commerce with the East Indies, though ex-
tensive and valuable, has been carried on for scarcely
more than 28 years; for until 1814, the monopoly of
the East India Company prevented the merchants of
Liverpool from embarking in this extensive field of
enterprise. In 5 years they had 38 vessels engaged
in the traffic, and they imported, besides other valu-
able produce, 62,000 bales of cotton. This branch of
trade has since that period very rapidly increased,
and during 1841, the imports amounted to 336,500
packages of sugar, 162,500 bales of cotton, 184,300
casks and bags of coflFee, 476,000 hides, and 38,959
bags of saltpetre, besides a great variety of other
valuable produce.
The opening of the trade with Canton, in 1834,
was followed by the despatch of several vessels to
China. In 1836, there were twelve arrivals, and in
1838, before the present interruption of that trade,
the tea imported exceeded 4,000,000 lbs.
The intercourse with Australia is rapidly increas-
ing ; and since the wool of that country came into
demand, the traffic has been considerable. During
the past year, the number of bales of wool imported
into Liverpool from Australia and Van Dieman's
land, was 5,800, being an increase of 900 on the im-
port of the previous year.
24 COMMERCIAL
The Irish and coasting trades constituted the prin-
cipal part of the limited commerce of the port, at a
period when foreign intercourse was unknown. The
earliest record of the actual traffic between Liverpool
and Ireland, is of the date of 1759, when 327 vessels
of 15,777 tons burthen arrived from Irish ports. In
30 years this amount was trebled; but the great era
in this branch of trade, is to be dated from the in-
troduction of steam navigation in 1820. In 1839,
the cattle alone imported, amounted in value to
£3,500,000, and numbered 964,000 head ; and at pre-
sent, with other articles, the trade cannot fall short
of seven millions sterling per annum ; it emjjloys up-
wards of 400,000 tons of shipping, and from 30 to
40 large steam vessels.
The coasting trade is scarcely of less importance,
though more limited in value. A large portion of it
is with the Isle of Man, which has for many years
contributed no mean share of domestic products. In
the coasting trade, a large amount of shipping is en-
gaged, in addition to the numerous steamers, exceed-
ing in 1830, 5000 vessels; and the recent returns shew
that this branch of home commerce is rapidly pro-
gressing.
The average number of arrivals from all parts of
the world, now annually exceeds 16,000 vessels, of
2,400,000 tons, and the custom-house revenue at
Liverpool, is nearly one- fourth of that of the whole
kingdom ; and of the total tonnage of Great Britain
and Ireland, one- twelfth, or upwards of 10,000 vessels
are connected by trade with Liverpool. Tlie time is
not far distant, when Liverpool, in its foreign com-
merce, will outvie the metropolis itself, for every
HISTORY. 25
circumstance conspires to extend its prosperity.
Her physical resources are inexhaustible ; and, had
the limits of this work allowed it, a much more de-
tailed account might have been given of her com-
mercial prosperity, and of the particulars of commer-
cial practice.
The above brief sketch of the trade in its different
branches, will, however, give some idea of the extent
and wealth of that seaport " whose merchants are
princes,'' and whose fortunate position, as the out-
port of a country abounding in mineral fuel, places
in her hands the sinews of that mighty power, which
is extending its conquest over the wide world, walk-
ing the waters through storm and calm, and bridging
the Atlantic itself, gliding over the plains of the old
world, and through the eternal forests of the new.
PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
Although the public buildings of Liverpool appear
to have been erected more for use than for ornament,
on which account, until of late years, Liverpool could
not furnish many specimens of architectural elegance,
yet the taste of her inhabitants, keeping pace with
the increase of their wealth, has latterly combined
ornamental design with the mere substantialities of
erection, and learned to appreciate architectural
talent and genius.
THE CUSTOM HOUSE
deserves a prominent place among the public com-
mercial buildings, as the magnitude of this simple
and majestic pile of masonry, cannot fail to impress
the stranger with an idea of the importance of that
seaport which requires such an edifice for the tran-
saction of its public business.
Rr.vENUE Buildings (the greater part of which is
occupied by the offices of the customs, for which
reason it is generally known as the Custom-house,)
is situated on the site of the Old Dock, a little to the
west of the old Custom-house. That small, incon-
venient, and inelegant building had long been in-
adequate to the rapidly increasing trade of the port;
and accordingly the interest of Messrs. Canning and
Huskisson was employed in the negociation with
government, on the subject of erecting a building
= l\
PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. 27
which should afiFord accommodation for all the public
offices. After a short period, a satisfactory arrange-
ment was made, the government agreeing to pay
£150,000, in annual instalments of £25,000, for the
building, which was to be erected by the funds of the
corporation, and on their land, and at the expiration
of twenty years to be ceded to the crown. The plans
of Mr. Foster, the corporation architect, were ap-
proved of by the Lords of the Treasury and the
Board of Works, and the erection was commenced
on the 12th August, 1828, the foundation stone having
been then laid with great splendour by the mayor,
Thomas CoUey Porter, Esq. The building made
rapid progress towards completion, and the greater
part of it was opened for business in- 1839, the dif-
ferent portions of the work having been contracted
for by the following gentlemen : — Messrs Tomkinson
and Son, for the masonry ; Messrs. S. and J. Holme,
brickwork j Messrs. Foster and Stewart, joiners' and
carpenters' work ; Mr. R. M'Kee, slating and plas-
tering ; Mr. J. Knight, plumbing and glazing ; Mr.
J. Thompson, painting j Messrs. Mather, Dixon and
Co., iron- work.
On the east and west fronts, as well as on the
north side of the centre, are porticos, each composed
of eight columns of the Ionic order, supporting an
entablature and pediment, the former of which is
carried round three sides of the building. The base
of the columns of the east and west porticos, rest
on platforms, ascended by flights of steps. Por-
ticos slightly receding, formed by two Ionic columns,
with corresponding pilasters, surmounted by a cor-
nice, form the entrance to the north ends of both
28 PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL
wings ; and all the angles of the building, the lower
part of which is rusticated, are ornamented by bold
pilasters. The following dimensions will give some
idea of the magnitude of this stupendous pile of
masonry : —
The entire building covers 6700 superficial yards ;
the extreme length from east to west, is 466 feet
8 inches ; the length of the centre portion, 252 feet
6 inches; the breadth of the centre, through the por-
tico, 9o feet; the extreme length of the wings, 224
feet 7 inches, and their depth 94 feet 4 inches. The
height of the columns, including the capital and base,
is 50 feet 9 inches ; that of the first or principal story,
20 feet; height of the second story, 21 feet 6 inches ;
and of the attics, 14 feet 8 inches. Total height
from the plinth to the cornice, 66 feet 10 inches.
The basement is set apart for the reception of
bonded and other goods ; the southern part of the
east wing contains the Post-office on the first floor,
on the second, the Excise and Stamp-ofiices. The
north end of the east wing is appropriated to the
oflices of the Dock-trust, aud the whole of the centre
and west wing is fitted up for the accommodation of
the various Custom-house officers. The long-room,
which occupies the centre of the second story, is the
greatest object of attraction. The total length of
this splendid apartment is 146 feet, its width 70 feet,
and height 45 feet; and when viewed from either
end, it has a noble appearance. The roof is sup-
ported by sixteen handsome Ionic pillars of stone,
and corresponding pilasters, and it is surmounted by a
magnificent cupola, containing the royal arms on
four sides, and illuminated by twelve windows of
BUILDINGS. 29
stained glass. The ceiling of this room is divided
into compartments, with handsome mouldings and
carved work, and the apartment is lighted by 14
windows on the sides. The floor is flagged, and the
desks and ofiices of the clerks, are in the recesses
between the projections at the side of the room,
which is heated by Price and Manby's patent hot air
apparatus. The long-room is approached by a hand-
some staircase at each end, the landings of which
are supported on eight Ionic pillars of stone and four
pilasters. Each staircase has four flights of steps,
two of which are on each side, and unite before
reaching the ground floor. The passage opposite
South Castle-street, supported on massive groupings
of pilasters, with a groined roof, is under the long-
room, and the passages to the right and left lead to
the foot of the staircases already described.
THE POST OFFICE
occupies half of the ground floor of the east wing.
The letter- boxes, paid-letter and registration windows,
are under the portico on the east side, and a clock,
which strikes the hours and quarters, is over the
centre door leading to the ship-letter, money-order,
&c., ofiices. A flight of stone steps at the south
side, aff"ords access to the delivery windows, in the
numerous boxes of which are distributed the letters
for the mercantile houses which prefer sending for
them, to having them delivered by the letter-carriers,
as well as to the strangers' window, which is
on the right hand when entering the room. The
offices of the post-master, and the other departments
of the establishment are entered from the west side
30 PUBLIC AND COMMEKCIAL
of the wing. The internal arrangements of the esta-
blishment are of the most complete description, and
the regularity and despatch with which the entire
post-office business is conducted, do great credit to
Mr. Banning, the post- master. Particulars of the
despatch and arrival of mails, delivery of letters, re-
ceiving houses, &c., will be found in the Appendix.
THE EXCISE OFFICE,
formerly situated in Hanover-street, has been removed
to the portion of the building above the post-office,
and access to the various offices of this department,
is from the east staircase leading to the long-room.
THE STAMP OFFICE
is in the same portion of the building; and the prin-
cipal part of the business connected with this depart-
ment of the revenue is transacted here, although the
old stamp-office in the Old Churcli-yard, is still re-
tained as a convenient place for the sale of stamps, &c.
THE DOCK OFFICE
is entered from the north side, and occupies half of
the east wing. On the landing of the staircase,
leading to the room in which the dock-committee
hold their meetings, is a handsome and very complete
model of a ship of war, an inspection of which may
be interesting to those who have seldom an oppor-
tunity of seeing a vessel fully equipped.
THE TOBACCO WAREHOUSE.
Although not worthy of notice on account of any
architectural elegance, the Tobacco Warehouse as
BUILDINGS. 31
connected with the Custom-house may here be de-
scribed. It is situated on the west side of King's-
dock, and extends nearly the whole of its length, the
dimensions being 575 feet in length and 239 feet in
breadth. All tobacco coming to the port, is required
to be deposited here until the duty is paid ; and on
this account, vessels discharging tobacco have gene-
rally a berth allotted them on the west side of the
dock. The building was erected by the corporation,
and is rented by government for the annual amount
of £4,200. Between the warehouse and the river
there is an agreeable promenade.
THE TOWN HALL.
When Liverpool was little more than a village, the
Town-hall was one of its most important buildings.
In the year 1350, it was denominated " Domus heatce
MariceJ' Several edifices in succession have been
erected on the same site, and removed to make way
for more modern structures. The foundation of the
present handsome erection, was laid in 1794, and the
building executed according to the designs of Mr.
Wood of Bath ; but the interior having been de-
stroyed by fire, on the 18th January, 1795, consider-
able additions were made to it, and the whole finished
in its present form, at an outlay of more than £ 1 10,000^
under the superintendence of Mr. John Foster, the
town architect, and opened on the 4th June, 1797.
The whole of the basement is rusticated, and lighted
by windows with semicircular heads. The portico
on the south front, which harmonizes with the rest
of the structure, is of recent erection, and gives an
air of elegance and finish to the entire building. It
32 PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL
consists of a plain but bold pediment, with a balus-
trade, supported on six Corinthian columns, resting
on the archways of rusticated stone, corresponding
with the lower part of the building itself. At the
angles and spaces between the windows, which are
decorated with Corinthian pillars and friezes, are
placed pilasters of the same order, between the capi-
tals of which are emblematical tablets of bas-relief.
The North front is composed of eight coupled columns
in the centre, which stands a little forward, with
corresponding pilasters resting on the rusticated base-
ment, and finished with a pediment and balustrade,
the latter being carried round the building. The
east and west fronts have six three-quarter columns
in the centre, and pilasters, between each of which
is a segment-headed window. That portion of the
building which was more recently added, recedes a
little from the principal part, and on the east and
west sides, the place of windows is supplied by
niches, and ornamental work, between coupled pilas-
ters. The dome, which is light and well proportioned,
adds greatly to the elegance of the building. It is
supported on Corinthian columns, between which are
the long windows which illuminate the staircase in
the interior, and it is surmounted by a colossal figure
of Britannia. On the outside, above the columns*
is a circular gallery, from which a splendid view of
the town and surrounding country is obtained ; and
the labour of ascending the staircases is well repaid
by the magnificent prospect afforded on reaching the
summit. Four clock faces are placed above the
gallery, each of which is supported by a lion and
unicorn, sculptured in stone. The interior of this
BUILDINGS. 33
establishment may be viewed between ten and four
o'clock, by obtaining an order from the Treasurer's
office, on the west side, and no one will regret the
time occupied in the survey of what may be justly
called the finest building in Liverpool. The ground
floor is occupied by the council room, committee
rooms, and the mayor's, town-clerk's and other offices.
The suite of rooms forming the principal story, all
communicate with each other, and consist of a saloon,
two drawing rooms, two ball rooms, a banquet room,
refectory, and other apartments. The entire north
front of the building is occupied by a magnificent
ball room, 89 feet in length, 41 feet 6 inches in breadth,
and 40 feet in height. This splendid apartment is
fitted up in a most superb manner, and is lighted by
three massive gas chandeliers with 72 burners. The
sides of this, as well as the smaller ball room, are or-
namented by pilasters of highly polished artificial
Scagliola marble, which in this room are surmounted
by richly executed Corinthian capitals. The smaller
ball room on the east side of the building measures
61 feet by 28, and has also a lofty ceiling. The
saloon opening from the grand staircase presents a
magnificent appearance, as its furniture is of the
most costly description. It contains full length
portraits of George III., by Sir T. Lawrence; of
George IV., when Prince of Wales, by Hopner ; of
the late Duke of York, by Philips ; and of William
IV., when Duke of Clarence, by Shee. The banquet
room is on the west side, and is used by the mayor
for the civic entertainments. Its length is 50 feet,
and breadth 30 feet. The refectory occupies the
centre of the building, and is entered from the stair-
34 PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL
cases and the small ball room. From the grand
staircase at the door of the saloon, is presented one of
the most imposing coups d' ceil to be met with in
modern architecture, as the interior of the dome,
illuminated by a lateral light of peculiar softness,
displays a richness and elegance of design, and taste
in the execution, which is seldom to be met with,
the pure Grecian style of architecture having been
preserved throughout. The height from the pave-
ment to the centre of the dome is 106 feet.
On the first landing of the staircase is a colossal statue
of Canning, beautifully executed in marble, by Chan-
trey, delineating the features of the statesman at the
moment when he had arrived at a great oratorical
climax, standing in a graceful but commanding
attitude, with his hands crossed upon his breast and
resting on his right foot, watching with interest the
effect of his oratory on his audience. The figure
is gracefully wrapped in a Roman toga, and the mel-
low light of the dome falling on the brilliantly pure
marble of which it is constructed, gives it an ex-
pression of exquisite finish, which can scarcely be
equalled, even by the other works of that great
sculptor.
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
So splendid a range of building as the quadrangle of
the Liverpool Exchange, erected solely for commer-
cial purposes, is perhaps not to be formd in any other
part of Britain. It is situated immediately behind
the Town-hall, the north front of which forms one
side of the square. The first stone was laid on 30th
June, 1803, and the entire expense of the erection,
BUILDINGS. 35
which amounted to £110,848, was defrayed by sub-
scriptions of £100 per share. The structure was
nearly four years in building. The architect of this,
as well as of many other of our public buildings, was
Mr. John Foster, senior. The area inclosed by the
four sides is 16,848 square feet, and on three sides it
is surrounded by a piazza \o feet wide, supported by
arches, which give the building a stately appearance.
The north side corresponds with the opposite front
of the Town -hall in its architectural arrangement,
the centre part of it projecting, and having eight
coupled Corinthian columns 25 feet in height, sup-
porting an entablature similar to that on the Town-
hall. On this entablature are placed four emblema-
tical figures, of stone, representing the four elements,
to correspond with the figures of the four quarters
of the globe on the opposite side. The entrance from
Oldhall-street is well deserving of notice. It is
through a spacious vestibule, divided into three
avenues by thirty -two coupled columns, supporting a
beautifully groined roof, and presenting a specimen
of architectural taste worthy of a more conspicuous
situation. The ground floor of the east side of the
quadrangle is occupied by the spacious newsroom,
subsequently described; and the second floor, by a
smaller room used by the underwriters. The re-
mainder of the building consists of merchants', bro-
kers', and other commercial ofiices, and the upper
floors at the back comprise warehouses, &c,, for the
reception of merchandise.
NELSOX'S MONUMENT.
In the centre of the area is a magnificent monument,
36 PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL
cast in bronze, erected in memory of Nelson, by R.
Westmacott, of London, from the design of Matthew
Charles Wyatt, of the same place. The expense of
its erection was entirely defrayed by public sub-
scription, £9000 having been raised in a few days, and
it was completed on 21st October, 1813. The prin-
cipal figure is Nelson, who, resting one foot on a
conquered enemy, and the oiher on a cannon, with
an eye stedfast and upraised to Victory, is receiving
from her a fourth naval crown upon his sword,
which, to indicate the loss of his right arm, is held
in the left hand. The right shoulder is concealed by
the flag which Victory is lowering to him, under the
folds of which death lies in ambush for his victim,
indicating that he received the reward of victory and
the stroke of death at the same time. The zeal of
the navy, eager to revenge the loss of its gallant ad-
miral, is represented by the figure of an enraged
British seaman. Britannia in the back ground,
with laurels in her hand, and leaning, regardless of
them, on her shield and spear, describes the feeling
of the country, fluctuating between the pride and
anguish of a triumph so dearly purchased. Round
the moulding of the pedestal are inscribed the memo-
rable words of Nelson, "England expects every
MAN TO DO HIS DUTY.'' At thc basc of thc pedestal
are four figures as captives in chains, emblematic of
his four greatest victories, and on the sides are four
fine bas-reliefs, executed in bronze, illustrative of
the same victories, viz. St. Vincent, The Nile, Copen-
hagen and Trafalgar. The figures are all in the pro-
portion of 7 feet, and the weight of bronze of which
the monument is composed is upwards of 22 tons.
BUILDINGS. 37
THE CORN EXCHANGE
was erected in 1807, by Mr. Foster, and opened on
4th August, 1808, the expense having been defrayed
by public subscription. It is situated in Brunswick-
street, and has a plain stone front, in the Doric style
of architecture. Its length is 114 feet, and breadth
60 feet.
THE BANKS.
The business hours of the majority, are from ten
to three, except Friday, when they are closed at one.
The following are worthy of notice on account of
their architectural elegance.
THE ROYAL BANK, AND BUILDINGS.
This extensive and magnificent range of buildings
(situate at the west end of Dale -street,) was
lately erected by the proprietors of the Royal Bank,
from the plans of Samuel Rowland, Esq. The
ground story is rusticated, and the centre part is
lighted by a range of segment-headed windows. The
wings, which are divided from the centre by two
archways, are decorated with palladium windows of
the Doric order. A facia and cornice finishes the
ground story, and supports a range of lofty columns
and pilasters of the Corinthian order. The centre of
the upper part of the building consists of eight three-
quarter columns, and two stories of windows and a
string course; the wings, and the spaces over the
arches, have two stories of palladium windows, three
of the lower story of the Ionic order, with enriched
friezes, decorated with elaborate and beautiful
foliage. The entablature of the Corinthian order,
in its full proportions and ornaments, is continued
38 PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL
along the entire front of the building, and is sur-
mounted by a balustrade, in the centre of which a
pedestal supports the Royal Arms, giving an appro-
priate finish to the upper part of the edifice. At the
end of the enclosure is the Bank itself, which is of
chaste and elegant design. Four well proportioned
fluted Doric columns support a plain but bold cor-
nice, on which rest four fluted Ionic columns, of
more slender proportions, finished with a rich entab-
lature and a pediment. The lintels of the side doors
are handsomely ornamented by carved- work, and the
sides and angles of the building are further improved
by pilasters corresponding with the rest of the design.
The interior of the Bank, in elegance, almost sur-
passes the exterior. The ceiling is panelled with
gilded mouldings, and supported by columns of a
composition resembling marble.
The other parts of this extensive range of building
are occupied by private offices,
THE UNION BANK,
Brunswick- street. This building, which is of recent
erection, has an exceedingly neat apijcarance, and is
constructed of Portland stone. Two fluted Ionic
columns support a pediment over the entrance, on
which is a scroll with the motto, " Vis unitafortior.^^
A finely executed allegorical bas-relief, carved from
one block of stone, is placed above the doorway, and
a balustrade finishes the side of the building, which,
with the exception of a bold cornice at tlie top, and
pediments over the windows, is very simple. The
interior is richly fitted up, and the ceiling is divided
into compartments by mouldings.
BUILDINGS. 39
THE NORTH AND SOUTH WALES BANK,
situated at the corner of Derby-square and Fenwick
street. It v\as completed in 1841, and is built entirely
of stone. It is surmounted by an exceedingly massive,
but elaborately carved entablature, and the portico in
front, is formed by two fluted Corinthian columns.
The side in Fenwick-street, is adorned by Corin-
thian pilasters, with rich capitals, between which are
placed the windows, those of the lower story^ having
semicircular heads. The appearance of the building
is somewhat injured by the awkwardness of the site
which prevented the architect from making it rec-
tangular, two of its angles being acute, and two
obtuse.
THE BRANCH BANK OF ENGLAND,
in Hanover- street, is a plain stone edifice, with a
rusticated front, and is scarcely worthy of notice, on
account of any elegance. It was opened in J 828,
before which period, there was no Branch of the
Bank of England in Liverpool.
THE BANK OF SAVINGS
is situated near the top of Bold-street, and, as its
name implies, was instituted for the deposit of the
savings of the humbler class of society, which are
invested in the public funds. It is open for receiving
deposits daily, and one week's notice is required
previous to the withdrawal of money. The affairs of
the bank are managed by twenty- one directors, five
of whom are trustees, who meet on the first Friday
and day following, of each month, to transact busi-
ness, receive deposits, &c.
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THE DOCKS. 41
THE UNDERWRITERS' ROOM
is over the Exchange News Room, and is conducted
on the plan of that at Lloyd's, in London. It is
seventy-two feet long, thirty-six feet wide, and has a
handsomely finished coved roof. It is fitted up with
boxes and other conveniences for the accommodation
of persons transacting business, and is provided with
newspapers, shipping lists, &c., besides a considerable
number of maps, charts, and books of reference.
THE COTTON S.ILES' ROOM
is above the last mentioned, on the upper floor, and
is fitted up with a gallery and benches, with small
sample-tables placed at intervals. Round the room,
and at the upper end, are larger tables for the same
purpose. It is frequently used as a place of meeting
for commercial companies, &.c.
THE DOCKS.
It is interesting to trace the history of a community
striving with difficulties which nature has thrown in
its way, yet gradually removing these obstacles
apparently insurmountable, till, rising slowly, it at
length attains the highest eminence that industry
and perseverance have reached. Such a history may
be found in the improvements which have been made
42 THE DOCKS.
on the harbour accommodation of Liverpool ; for
before it acquired its present high reputation as a
seaport, it had to struggle with natural inconveni-
ences which render the enterprise and skill of its
inhabitants in surmounting them, remarkably con-
spicuous.
Pier after pier of massive masonr}- has been erected
to prevent the encroachments of the sea; and the
space thus defended has been gradually excavated, to
afford safety and accommodation to shipping, and
secure it from the inconvenience of exposure on an
open shore. From the simple accommodation afford-
ed by the " Pool," as enclosed by gates in the year
1635, the Docks of Liverpool have been extended,
till they are now superior in mangitude to those of
any seaport in the world, London alone excepted, and
are capable of receiving the largest vessels. The
approaches to the harbour have been deepened, sand
banks have been removed, and channels excavated,
to render the port accessible ; and these exertions
have been amply repaid in the rapid acquirement of
commercial greatness.
Extending along the east side of the Mersey for
more than three miles, the marine wall presents an op-
posing front to the force of the waves, which cannot
fail to strike the observer with astonishment; for
although, on account of the flatness of the surround-
ing scenery, and the unusual length of the erections,
it has not such a commanding effect as a stranger
might be led to expect, yet, when its parts are ex-
amined separately, the magnitude will immediately
become apparent.
The entire area of water in the several docks, and
THE DOCKS. 43
the basins connected with them, at present amounts
to one hundred and twelve statute acres, and they are
provided with a total quay space upwards of nine
miles in length.
lu the neighbourhood of all the docks, although
not immediately upon the quays, there are large piles
of warehouses for the reception of produce, many of
them, though massive, being handsome constructions ;
and along the side of George's and Salthouse Docks,
they have been erected with a piazza or foot- walk on
the grovmd story, for the convenience of foot-passen-
gers. Handsome little edifices have been constructed
on the piei-s of the new docks, for the convenience of
the dock-masters, gatemen, and police ; and the
Customs are provided with depots at the principal
import docks, for the temporary reception of goods
for the purpose of examination, or ascertaining the
tares, &c. of the packages. The passages between
the several basins and docks are crossed by neat iron
bridges, which open horizontally, to allow the in-
gress and egress of shipping at high water. The
dock gates open inwards, are provided with sluices to
regulate the depth of water; and on the top are
narrow footways, with iron railings, for the con-
venience of pedestrians when the gates are closed.
The affairs of the dock estate are conducted by a
committee of twenty-one members, thirteen of whom
are elected from the town council, (who are the trus-
tees,) and the remaining eight from the merchants
and shipowners, who are rate payers. Three of the
trustees retire annually, and their place is supplied
by the town council, any of the retiring members
being re-eligible. They are required to hold their
44 THE DOCKS.
meetings at least once a week, and oftener if neces-
sary ; and seven members, including the chairman
and deputy- chairman, constitute a quorum, who
have full authority to act. The proceedings of the
committee are subject to the approval of the corpo-
ration.
The arrangement of the shipping is entrusted to
two harbour-masters, and eleven dock-masters, who
superintend the entire disposal of the vessels in dock,
allotting them berths, providing them in turn with
quay accommodation, and enforcing the regulations,
the observance of which is absolutely necessary to
prevent confusion. The minor affairs are managed
by dock-gatemen and police-officers, by the latter of
whom the property on the quays is as effectually pro-
tected from plunder, as if deposited in warehouses ;
and they are ready to afford every information rela-
tive to the situation of vessels, &c., that may be
required.
Approaching Liverpool from the sea, the first Dock
in order, is the
CLARENCE DOCK.
This dock, with the half-tide basin adjoining, was
opened in 1830, and has since been entirely ap
propriated to the use of steamers. It was one of the
first erected under the able superintendence of Mr.
Hartley, Surveyor of the Dock Trustees, and being
constructed with granite piers, and the workmanship
being of the most substantial and elegant description,
it forms a specimen of mural architecture which is
rarely to be surpassed. It is entered from the half-
tide basin, on the west side, by a lock, and is en-
THE DOCKS. 45
tirely surrounded by sheds for the protection of goods.
Connected with Clarence Dock, and erected at the
same period, are two commodious Graving Docks, the
mechanical structure of which, combined with the
beauty of the workmanship displayed in their con-
cave sides, cannot fail to excite admiration. The
width of their entrances is forty-five feet, thus afford-
ing sufficient room for the passage of vessels of large
size ; and the great number that have been repaired
in these docks since their opening, shews how highly
their conveniences have been appreciated.
TRAFALGAR DOCK
is contiguous to the above, and is entered by a pas-
sage from Clarence Basin. Tt has been but recently
opened, and is generally used by steam-vessels,
chiefly such as are undergoing repair, or completing
their equipment, for whose convenience the Dock
Committee has provided a powerful crane on the north
side. A small round building is between this dock
and the basin, which has on the top a clock, with
three dials, and a large bell for striking the hours.
VICTORIA DOCK
is situated between Trafalgar and Waterloo Docks,
with both of which it communicates. It has also
gates opening into the river, but they do not appear
to be available to the extent anticipated, as they are
frequently difficult of access, owing to the strong
current of the tide, and the narrowness of the passage.
This dock has been generally used by vessels laid
up, or which have been some time in port.
46 THE DOCKS.
WATERLOO DOCK
was opened on the 6th of September, 1834, since
which period it has been used for the ])urpose of a
general dock, but containing chiefly the larger vessels.
It is, together with the two last-named docks, with
which it communicates, entirely surrounded by a
lofty wall. It is most accessible from Prince's Basin,
which is at the south end.
PRINCES DOCK
is the next in order proceeding southward, after pas-
sing the basin, and its size and central situation
render it the most important. After having been
six years in construction, it was opened with much
ceremony, on the occasion of the coronation of Geo.
IV, 19th July, 1821. The expense of the erection,
with the marine works attached, was estimated at
£561,059. This dock is chiefly appropriated to the
large vessels engaged in the American, East India,
or China trade, the east side being set apart for
vessels discharging, and the west for those loading.
On the west, south, and east sides are spacious transit
sheds. It is entered from George's Basin, at the
south end, as well as from that at the north extre-
mity, and the passages are closed by locks, the gates
of which are forty-five feet wide, and thirty-four feet
deep, and constructed so as to admit vessels at half-
tide. Between the river and the west side of the
wall surrounding the dock, is a splendid marine
parade, 750 yards in length, and 1 1 yards in breadth,
on the edge of which is a parapet about three feet in
height, with steps at convenient distances, down to
THE DOCKS, 47
the river, for the landing of passengers. From this
parade, known by the name of the Prince's Parade,
may be obtained the finest views of the river, the
shipping, and the increasing erections on the Cheshire
side of the Mersey. The Seacombe, Egremont and
New Brighton steamers sail from the south end of
this parade.
GEOEGE'S DOCK BASIN
is situated between Prince's and George's Docks,
opposite St. Nicholas' Church, and is connected with
them both. George's Pier, at high water, presents
the liveliest scene to be found in the neighbourhood
of the docks, as nearly all the steamers belonging to
the port, as well as the numerous ferry boats, &c.,
make this pier, and the slips attached to it, their
place of landing. Opposite the broad steps a floating
landing stage is moored, which is connected with the
pier at low water, for the convenience of passengers
by the ferry and other steamers.
George's Baths,an account of which is to be found in
a subsequent page, are situated on the piece of ground
between George's Dock and the river, and the short
parade in front of them is a place of much resort.
GEORGE'S DOCK.
In 1 762 an act was obtained for the erection of this
dock, which was completed at an expense of £20,000
in 1771. It is usually appropriated to vessels of
the larger description, and the same regulations
nre observed respecting the sides of the dock on
which they are loaded and discharged, as already
noticed for Prince's Dock. At the south end is a
48 THE DOCKS.
large vessel fitted up as a church for the use of seamen ;
but there is some prospect of its place being sup-
plied by a substantial erection on land, in the im-
mediate neighbourhood.
The Manchester New Quay Company's basin and
sheds occupy the space next to George's Dock.
Still further south, and nearly opposite the Cus-
tom-house, is Canning Dock.
CANNING DOCK,
formerly known as the Dry Dock, was at no very
distant period altered to a wet dock, since which
time it has been chiefly frequented by coasting
vessels, fishing smacks, and other small craft. Con-
nected with it, and between the dock and the river,
are three graving docks, to which access can also be
obtained from George's Dock, by means of a passage
between the two of considerable length. The act for
its erection was obtained in 1738, and the materials of
which it was constructed having gradually suffered
considerable decay, it underwent a thorough repair
some years ago. As it was not sufliciently deep to
admit large vessels, it was recently deepened about
eight feet. A pair of double gates, of the most im-
proved construction, retaining the water in either
direction, was also erected, with massive granite
piers, in the passage between this and George's Dock.
The Old Dock, on the site of which the Custom-
house now stands, entered from the east side of
Canning Dock, and reached as far as South John-
street in the eastward direction. It was closed in
1826, and the building of the Custom-house was com-
menced in 1 828.
THE DOCKS. 49
SALTHOUSE DOCK
is connected with the last-mentioned, and was made,
at the same period. Its name was derived from the
circumstance of there being at the bottom of Orford-
street a saltwork. which is now removed to Garston,
about six miles up the river. The shallo\^Tiess of
this dock rendered it unavailable for the larger ves-
sels, and it was therefore appropriated chiefly to
coasters and traders.
The alterations now in progress on Salthouse Dock
and the adjoining land are veiy considerable, and are
being executed according to the plans of Mr. Hartley,
the dock surveyor; his proposals, after considerable
delay and careful examination, having been considered
the best adapted to the present circumstances of the
port. They consist of the enlargement of Salthouse
Dock northward, making it of a more rectangular
form, and deepening it; and the erection of a com-
modious new dock, on the space towards the river,
formerly occupied by warehouses, ship-building
yards, &c.
THE NEW DOCK
will be of a rectangular form, entered from the pre-
sent passage to Canning Dock, at the mouth of which
gates will be placed, communicating also with Salt-
house Dock, by a gate on the east side ; the whole
to be surrounded by warehouses on the quay, after
the plan of those at the London docks, with a marine
parade on the west side.
DUKE'S DOCK
is private property, belonging to the trustees of the
50 THE DOCKS.
Duke of Bridgewater's estate, and surrounded by
warehouses and sheds for the reception of goods
discharged from the flats or barges. The construc-
tion of this dock is such as to afford a large amount
of quay space ; this being obtained by its formation
with cuttings projecting from the main part in the
shape of a cross.
KING'S DOCK
was erected at an expense of £25,000, and opened on
the 3rd October, 1788. It is surrounded by sheds,
and on the west side is situated the Queen's Tobacco
Warehouse, which extends nearly the whole length
of the dock. The proximity of the tobacco ware-
house causes this dock to be frequented by all vessels
from Havannah, Maryland, &c., bringing tobacco ;
and it is also the general place of discharge for vessels
from the Levant, and European ports. King's Dock
basin is provided with a stage on the bottom of the
south side called a gridiron, on which vessels go at
high water, and are left dry for the examination of
their hulls, or for executing slight repairs. At the
noith-west corner of King's Dock lies the Floating
Chapel for seamen, at which service is performed by
ministers of various denominations.
QUEENS DOCK
is generally appropriated to the West India, Baltic,
and Dutch vessels, and was opened on the 17th April
1796, having cost in its erection £35,000. It is
provided with sheds along a portion only of the east
and west sides. For the convenience of vessels
laden with timber, the quays towards the south end
THE DOCKS. 51
are sloped inwards at a considerable angle, by which
means easy access is had to the cargoes! On the
west side of Queen's Dock are two graving docks,
opening from King's Basin, and extending parallel
with the side of the dock about half its length. The
space between the river and the south end of the dock
is generally occupied by timber stores.
UNION DOCK
is connected with the south extremity of the above,
and also communicates with the Brunswick and
Coburg Docks. Till lately it was known as the
Brunswick Half-tide Basin.
COBURG DOCK,
formerly called Brunswick Basin, has undergone
extensive alterations, to render it suitable for the re-
ception of the ocean steamers. It opens directly
into the river, and is connected by a passage with
Union Dock. The entrance from the river is con-
structed of masonry of an elegant and substantial
description, and is closed by gates 70 feet in width,
which permit the introduction of the largest steam
vessels.
BRUNSWICK DOCK
was erected under the able superintendence of the
present Dock surveyor, and was opened on the 13th
April, 1832. In the design and execution of the
quays and other works, no ordinary amount of me-
chanical skill and ingenuity is displayed. It admits
vessels of the largest tonnage, and is entirely appro-
priated by those in the timber trade, for whose
52 THE DOCKS.
convenience the quays are formed on an inclined
plane, as above described, thus affording them greater
facility in discharging. It is entered from Bruns-
wick Basin, which lies on the west side of the dock,
as well as from the Union Dock, and has the largest
superficial area of any of the Liverpool Docks,
although, on account of its width, it has not a pro-
portionate amount of quay space. The depth of
water in the river at the entrance of the basin has,
by artificial means, been rendered equal to that of
several of the north docks, notwithstanding its being
so much further removed from the sea. Two graving
docks are connected with the south extremity of
Brunswick Dock, which is the last of the principal
docks in a southward direction.
THE NEW SOUTH DOCKS.
They are — Toxteth Dock, which adjoins the graving
docks mentioned above. It was opened in the be-
ginning of the present year. It communicates directly
with the river by gates 40 feet wide, constructed so
that they can be readily altered to prevent the water
entering the dock, in the case of repairs being re-
quired, and they are nearly as deep as the gates of
Prince's Dock. It is intended chiefly for the small
timber and Baltic vessels.
This dock is the termination, in the southward
direction, of the Corporation dock estate. The ex-
treme length of the river wall belonging to the dock
estate is two miles and 1087 yards.
The following docks are private property.
The two Hatrington Docks are the next in order
southward, and are the property of a joint stock
THE DOCKS. 53
company, who purchased the land from the Earl of
Sefton. The first, known as the Eagle Quay Dock,
is closed by gates about the same width as those of
the Toxteth Dock ; but the other, which is similar
in form, is merely a basin, left dry when the tide
recedes. They are used by vessels employed in the
inland navigation. On the east side of the dock are
the works of the Mersey Steel and Iron Company,
subsequently noticed.
The Egerton Dock, belonging to the trustees of the
Duke of Bridgewater's estate, is of a rectangular form,
smaller than the Toxteth Dock, and has the water
confined by gates. It is appropriated chiefly by the
craft employed by the trust, for the conveyance of
timber, &c. to the interior.
The Herculaneum Old Basin is the furthest in the
southward direction, and is at present undergoing
alteration.
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THE SHIPPING, &c.
GRAVING
DOCKS.
Canning Dock . .
No. 1
34 6 6
35 9 6
35 9 0
42 0 0
42 0 01
70 1 Of
45 0 0
45 0 0
42 0 0
42 0 0
137*
158|
146
Yards.
No. 2
No. 3
No 1
442|
Queen's Doci . .
146
145
No. 1
No. 2
No, 1
291
2661
Clarence Dock . .
1331
1331
133*
133^
No 2
266§
1266|
Meas.' at Bottom.
The extreme Unijth of the River Wall belonging to the Dock
Estateis 2 viiles and 1087 yards.
THE SHIPPING, &c.
The rapid increase in the amount of Shipping
belonging to Liverpool, has taken place almost en-
tirely of late years, since the improvements in science
have given a new stimulus to commercial enterprise.
In 1540 Liverpool had only twelve vessels, of 177
tons burthen, and manned by seventy-five men, while
in 1840, after a lapse of three centuries, she could
boast of 15,998 vessels, of 2,445,708 tons, having
entered the port during the short space of one year.
The number of vessels in the port at one time, ex-
clusive of those discharging or loading in part at
Runcorn, frequently amounts to upwards of 800.
The dock dues annually received average £180,000,
During one week in May of the present year, 1842,
THE SHIPPING, &c. 57
£8400 were received for dock duties, which is the
largest amount ever drawn in so short a period.
From a parliamentary paper, dated April 5th, 1842,
it appears that the gross customs revenue received
at Liverpool during 1840, was £4,607,326, and in 1841, £4,140,593
„ London „ 11.116,685, „ 11,757,262
„ Bristol „ 1,027,160, „ 1,046,800
„ Dublin „ 889,564, „ 977,718
„ Glasgow and Greenock 814,211, „ 949,635
As the American packets, and other large vessels
most deserving of notice, generally lie in Prince's
Dock, the stranger will be most interested by visiting
the vessels there, although there are many other
elegant ships, equally worthy of attention, in the
other docks.
THE AMERICAN PACKET-SHIPS
have long been known for their superior accommo-
dations and handsome equipment, and an inspection
of their cabins and other conveniences, which the
officers on board are at all times ready to allow, will
afford ample gratihcation for the small trouble
incurred.
These vessels are of very large size, most of them
being about 1000 tons burthen, and they have ac-
commodation for from twenty to fifty cabin passen-
gers, as well as for a few in the steerage. They are
generally punctual in sailing on the day appointed,
or as soon after as possible. The average length of
passage out to New York is about five weeks, and
the homeward passage is generally accomplished in
about three weeks. This differs but little from the time
occupied in the passage to Philadelphia, Boston, &.c.
58 THE SHIPPING, &c.
STEAM VESSELS.
The number of steam ships belonging to Liverpool
is rapidly increasing, and she can already boast of
some of the finest specimens of this description of
naval architecture frequenting the Mersey. The most
deserving of notice, as being the largest and most
important, are —
THE BRITISH AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL
STEAM SHIPS.
These splendid steamers are appointed by the Admi-
ralty to carry the mails to Boston, calling at Halifax,
and are despatched twice a month in summer, and
once in winter. They are the Acadia, Britannia,
Columbia, and Caledonia, of 1200 tons, and 440
horses' power each, built on the same model, at diffe-
rent ports on the Clyde, with every part of their
arrangements similar. The dimensions of the Bri-
tannia, which was the first on the station, will give
an idea of the size of the others. They are, — length,
from taffrail to figure-head, 230 feetj breadth of
beam, 36§ feet; depth of hold, 22f feet. Since the
establishment of this line of steamers, in July, 184D,
the time required for crossing the Atlantic can be
known, with almost as much certainty as that of
conveyance by land, the average outward passage
requiring about fourteen days and a half, and the
homeward eleven or twelve days. The shortest pas-
sage made since their commencement was by the
Britannia, which arrived on the 9th July, 1841, from
Halifax in nine days and a half, and from Boston in
twelve davs seven hours. This steamer has also made
THE SHIPPING, &c. 59
the longest passage, which occupied eighteen days
and a half.
This line of steamers lie in Coburg Dock, and
visitors are admitted on board by an order from
Messrs. Mac Iver, the agents.
The Glasgow Steamers, lying in Clarence Dock,
are deserving of notice on account of the superior
manner in which their interior is fitted up, and the
elegance and comfort of their entire arrangements.
They each have accommodation for nearly one hun-
dred cabin passengers. The usual length of their
passage to Greenock is seventeen or eighteen hours,
according to the state of the weather.
The Dublin Mail and Contract Steam Packets are
vessels of the first class, and are well worthy of
inspection. They are moored in the Sloyne, off
Birkenhead, from which place the morning mails
sail; but the contract mails are despatched in the
evening from George's pier. Ten or twelve hours is
the average length of passage from Dublin.
Several of the other large steamers, sailing coast-
wise, to Ireland, Isle of Man, &c., are fitted up in a
superior manner, and may be generally found in
Clarence or Trafalgar Dock.
Of the River Steam Packets there is a large number,
their average size being about 80 tons. The greater
part of them sail half-hourly in summer, and hourly
in winter, from George's Pier, but a few are de-
spatched from the south end of Princes' Pier.
Not fewer than from fifty to sixty steamers sail
regularly from Liverpool every week ; and, including
those lying in dock unemployed, the port has pro-
bably upwards of a hundred steam vessels connected
60 THE SHIPPING, &c.
with it, many of which could, upon any sudden na-
tional emergency, be made available as vessels of war.
For particulars of the sailing of the Steam Packets
from Liverpool, see the appendix.
THE PILOT BOATS
are small sloops, of beautiful model and exceedingly
strong build, eleven in number; which cruise about
the channel for the purpose of furnishing pilots to
inward-bound vessels, and receiving them on board
when they have conducted outward-bound vessels
into the open sea and are about to leave them. The
crews of these boats are all men of experience, who
have a thorough knowledge of the approaches to
the harbour ; and immediately on a pilot's boarding
a vessel, the master and officers resign the entire
control and responsibility to him, merely acting un-
der his direction till he brings the vessel into dock.
THE LIFE-BOATS,
belonging to the harbour and bay of Liverpool are,
two at Liverpool, two at the Magazines, two at Hoy-
lake, two at Point of Ayr, and one at Formby. The
Liverpool boats are kept at the boat-house on Canning,
or No. 2, pierhead, tlie keys of which are to be had at
the Custom-house or dock-office, and are manned by
a master and ten men.— The Steam-tug Company
have also a life-boat, kept at tlie south end of Prince's
Pier, the key of the building in which it is deposited
is to be found at No. 5, New Quay. The valuable
assistance rendered by these boats in cases of ex-
treme danger has been very frequently displayed, and
the number of lives saved by the exertions of their
THE SHIPPING, &c. 61
crews, aflFords the strongest evidence of their practi-
cal utihty.
QUAKANTINE.
The anchorage appointed for vessels from the Levant
and other ports from which they are liable to bring
infectious diseases, is opposite New Ferry. The
hulks of several old men of war are there moored for
the reception of cargoes which undergo fumigation
&c., and for the accommodation of the crews of the
vessels which have not a clean bill of health. The
extreme rigour with which the quarantine regulations
are enforced, seems almost unnecessary, as no symp-
tom of infectious disease has appeared in any vessel
from the usual plague ports for nearly 180 years ; but
it is better to submit to these precautionary mea-
sures for the public safety, than, by want of due care
endanger the health of the community. A modi-
fication of the present quarantine system might be
advantageous in a commercial point of view.
THE TELEGRAPH
is on the roof of a warehouse at the bottom of Chapel-
street, and was erected in 1827 by the dock trustees,
according to the arrangement of Lieut. Watson, and
is now under the superintendence of Lieut. Lord,
the marine surveyor. The communication with
Holyhead, a distance of 72 miles, was opened on the
26th October, 1827, by the telegraphing of the
American ship " Napoleon" in fifteen minutes to
Bidston. The stations are eleven in number, and
the time ordinarily occupied in communicating in-
62 THE SHIPPING, &c.
formation is about five minutes, but it is very fre
quently performed in less than one minute. The
shortest time in which a question has been asked at
Liverpool and an answer returned from Holyhead,
(a distance of 144 miles having been traversed), is
thirty-five seconds. The whole arrangements are so
complete that its utility is considerably greater than
that of the government telegraph line between Ports-
mouth and London, Information received by this
means is immediately communicated to the Exchange
News-room, and there made public.
THE LIGHT-HOUSES.
Of these there are several in the neighbourhood of
Liverpool. The Rock Light-house is situated on a
rock on the west side of the entrance of the Mersey, and
is a very conspicuous object in approaching the town
from the sea. The foundation of this elegant structure
was laid by Thomas Littledale, Esq., on the 8th June,
1827, and the building completed by Mr. Tomkinson^
from the design of Mr. Foster, in June, 1829, and
opened in March following. Its height is ninety feet
above the level of the rock, and its form is such as is
bestcalculated toresistthefury of the waves. The stone
of which it is built is of the hardest description, pro-
cured from Anglesea, and each block is dove-tailed in
to the other, and the whole united into one solid mass
by a liquid cement of volcanic origin, which, when
hardened, becomes even more durable than the rock
itself. The expense of the erection, £27,500, was en-
tirely defrayed by the Corporation, with a view to the
benefit of the commerce of the port. The light ex-
hibited at night is one of the most splendid in the
THE SHIPPING, &c. 63
kingdom, being a revolving coloured light, which
makes a revolution once in three minutes, and exhi-
bits two brilliant white lights and one red light in
succession. Each light attains its utmost luminous
effect every minute, after which it becomes gradually
less brilliant, till it appears to a distant observer totally
eclipsed. In clear weather the light can be seen on
the level of the sea, fifteen miles.
Bidston Light-house is in the form of a tower, on
an eminence in Cheshire, at some distance from the
shore, and shows a light only in a north-west direc-
tion, being masked to give a defined light in the
Rock Channel. In connexion with this building is
the first telegraph station on the Holyhead line, and
immediately contiguous, on the ledge of the hill, are
a number of private signal poles belonging to the
different merchants and ship-owners in Liverpool,
by means of which their vessels are reported.
Leasowe Light-house is a tall pile of building
farther south on the Cheshire shore, and shows a
masked light in tlie North Channel, but having
nothing particularly worthy of notice.
Still farther south, and nine miles from Liverpool,
are Hoylake upper and lower Light-houses, which
are low buildings, exhibiting masked lights, the
former to the northward, and both serving as a di-
rection over Hoyle Bank.
On the Lancashire coast there are several light-
houses, land-marks, and beacons, the chief of which
are the Crosby Light, Bootle Land-marks, South-
east Mark, &c.
There are three Light - Ships, the principal of
which is
64 THE SHIPPING, &c.
THE NORTH-WEST FLOATING LIGHT.
This is a large three-masted vessel, moored in Liver-
pool Bay about fifteen miles and a half from Liverpool,
shewing three lights, which can be seen about ten
miles in clear weather, and sounding a gong and
bell alternately, when the atmosphere is thick.
During the summer months some of the steamers
sail regularly from George's Pier to this vessel and
back, with passengers who are fond of a short but
pleasant aquatic excursion.
FORMBY LIGHT-SHIP
has two masts, on which two lights are exhibited
at night, and a red ball by day ; and a bell is tolled
in foggy weather. It is moored in Victoria Channel,
about 9§ miles from Liverpool.
CROSBY LIGHT-SHIP,
is a similar vessel, shewing one light at night, and a
red ball by day, stationed in Crosby Channel, about
6^ miles from Liverpool.
EMIGRATION.
The number of individuals emigrating from Liver-
pool is very great, as the convenience for procuring
shipping to the United States and the Canadas, is
greater at this than at any other seaport in the king-
dom. For the purpose of giving information, and for
the protection of emigrants, a government agent is
appointed, to whom all enquiries should be addressed,
unless the emigrant is willing to become the dupe of
impostors, who hover about the docks, and are
constantly entrapping the unwary.
CIVIL JUKISDICTION. 65
The number of emigrants who sailed from Liver-
pool in the month of April, 1842, was
To the United States 13,056
To British Colonies, North Amer.. 1,945
Total.. 15,001
This surprising number exceeds the departures in
April, 1841, by 8284.
CIVIL JURISDICTION.
Liverpool has been a corporate borough since 1208,
(and probably earlier,) at which period it received a
charter from King John, the original copy of which
still exists. At various times further charters were
granted by succeeding sovereigns, conferring several
important privileges. It appears to have been re-
presented in parliament since the reign of Henry II.,
in 1159, but the burgesses frequently neglected to
avail themselves of the privilege of returning a mem-
ber. Prior to the reform act, the two representatives
were chosen by the burgesses or freemen, of whom
there were about 5000, but the election is now con-
ducted as in other boroughs. In 1841, the number
of electors was 15,537, including 3903 freemen.
By the municipal act, Liverpool is divided into
sixteen wards, each of which returns three council-
lors, and is also represented by an alderman, chosen
by the council. The corporation thus consists of
66 'CIVIL JURISDICTION.
sixty-four members, one of whom, (John Shaw
Leigh, Esq.) is the present mayor, (1842.) The
council is formed into a number of committees,
which attend to the particular interests of the docks,
the corporation funds, the improvement of the town,
lighting, watching, and cleansing the streets, the
markets, schools, gaols, gardens, courts of law, &,c.,
and their proceedings are periodically laid before the
council, who are empowered to enact bye-laws.
The corporate estate of the borough of Liverpool
is the most opulent in the kingdom, as it possesses
an amount of property of not less value than
£2,500,000, exclusive of the interest in leases. The
income during the year ending 1st September, 1841,
amounted to £249,216 2s 7d, of which £65,933 18s
9d, were town-due receipts.
The chief borough officers are the Recorder, Sti-
pendiary Magistrate, Town Clerk, Coroner, &c., all
of whom have been some time in office.
The magistrates hold a court daily at the Sessions'
House, for the trial of offenders, previous to their
being passed to the sessions or assizes. The other
courts, such as the Court of Requests, &c., are held
in the same building, or at the office in High- street.
The government of the parish is invested in two
churchwardens, four overseers, and other officers,
with twenty-four guardians of the poor. There are
twenty-four commissioners under the paving and
sewerage acts, a number of whom are elected from
the town council.
The Police establishment of Liverpool is exceed-
ingly efficient, and consists of 619 men and officers,
of whom about one-third are on duty during the day
CIVIL JURISDICTIOX.
and two thirds during the night. They consist of
1 head constable, 1 commissioner of police, 7 super-
intendents, 41 inspectors and acting inspectors, 35
bridewell keepers, station-house clerks, &c., 534
constables, making a total of 619. About 60 of this
number are set apart for service at fires, and are dis-
tinguished by a different uniform. Since their estab-
lishment in 1836 they have proved of essential ser-
vice to the town, in repressing vice, preserving the
peace, and affording a degree of protection to pro-
perty, the advantage of which is only known to those
who experienced the working of the old constabulary
system. Officers on duty are distinguished by a strap
of blue and white on their left arm.
BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH THE
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
THE NEW ASSIZE COURTS.
The foundation stone of a magnificent building, for
the purpose of holding the Assizes, Sessions, and
other courts, was laid on the 28th June, 1838, on the
site of the old Infirmary, near the Haymarket. The
following description, abridged from the Companion
to the British Almanack, is given, as the building is
not yet in a state of forwardness.
The order adopted is Corinthian, continued
throughout, and arranged so as to produce a very
rich polystyle composition, possessing more than an
ordinary degree of variety and contrast. The eastern
68 BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH
fa9ade, or the longer side of the building, is 420 feet,
the columns being 46 feet high, and 4 feet 6 inches
in diameter. The south front, which, owing to the
great fall of the ground at the end of the site, (about
16 feet), has the appearance of being raised on a
terrace, and thereby acquires both additional dignity
and picturesque effect, consists chiefly of a hexastyle
monoprostyle portico, recessed within, to make its
entire depth 24 feet. The columns are raised on
a stylobate 10 feet high, and continued along the other
fronts ; and the height from the ground line to the
apex of the pediment is 95 feet. This front alone
would constitute an imposing piece of architecture ;
yet it appears little more than a subordinate portion,
when compared with the eastern fa9ade. Indepen-
dently of its beauties of design, the latter has the
merit of clearly expressing the general internal
arrangement of the plan. The advanced or mono-
prostyle colonnade in the centre is 200 feet in length,
and being recessed, forms within an ample sheltered
ambulatory 26 feet in depth ; this corresponds with
St. George's Hall, which comes in between the two
Assize Courts, and defines itself externally in the
composition, by being carried up higher than the
rest. This division of the front consists of fifteen
intercolumns, and the one on either side of it of five
more. The north front presents a projecting hemi-
cycle, in which the order is continued in attached
columns ; a very agreeable variety is thus produced,
and the view of the building from the north-east
differs considerably from that seen from the south-
east. The northern portion of the plan will form a
Concert-room, (subsequently noticed), and it makes
THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 69
the entire extent from north to south, including the
steps leading up to the south portico, 500 feet.
Taking into account its unusual altitude, the struc
ture will, in point of magnitude alone, have few rivals
in the kingdom. The two courts, which are lighted
from above, are of similar dimensions, viz, 60 by 50
feet, and 35 feet high ; and during the assizes, &c.
the spacious hall between them will be opened to the
public as the approach to both courts. The archi-
tect of this magnificent building is H. Lonsdale
Elmes, Esq.
The entire building is to be heated and ventilated
under the joint directions of Dr. Reid and the archi-
tect, the arrangements being such, that if necessary
the whole effect of the apparatus can be directed to
any one apartment.
SESSIONS HOUSE.
The Assizes, Sessions, and other Courts, have
been, since 1828, held in the buUding in Chapel-
street, erected for that purpose. It is a plain edifice,
of the Grecian style of architecture, extending 174
feet south from Chapel- street, having principal en-
trances at each end, together with others on the
sides. At the south end, a winding stair leads from
the vestibule to the room above, which is fitted up in
a handsome manner for holding the assizes, with
convenience for the judges, magistrates, barristers,
jurors, &c., and about one-third of the space gradu-
ally rising like steps from the front, is allotted to
spectators. The prisoner's dock is about the centre
of the room, from which a staircase proceeds, com-
municating by a subterranean passage with the
70 BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH
Bridewell opposite. At the north end is a larger
apartment, 6 If by 39 feet, lighted from the roof,
fitted up in a similar manner, and used as the Civil
Court. In the centre of the building, between the
two courts, are the magistrates', barristers', and other
rooms. The expense of erection, amounting to £19,312
was defrayed by the corporation.
THE BOROUGH GAOL,
situated in Great Howard- street, was erected during
the last century, on a plan recommended by the philan-
thropist Howard, and from its open and rather
elevated situation, is a healthy jilace of confinement
for the unfortunate individuals incarcerated therein.
Till 181 1, it was occupied as a prison for French
prisoners of war, since which period it has been used
as the Borough Gaol. From the report of the Rev.
T. Carter, chaplain of this gaol, it appears that
during the year ending 30th September, 1841, there
were committed 2,943 males, and 2,542 females, total
•5,485. Of debtors, there were 366, viz., 342 males
and 24 females, and the average daily number of
all classes was 550.
HOUSE OF CORRECTION, KIRKDALE.
This spacious and well ventilated building, covers
28,648 square yards, and was built from designs by
Mr. Wright, of Manchester, The front of the centre
of the edifice is fitted up as the County Sessions-
house, and is ornamented by an Ionic portico of
eight columns, and the general form of the building
is that of two semicircular wards, united at the ex-
tremities. The governor's and turnkeys' apartments
THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 71
command a view of all the prisoners, who are em-
ployed in various trades, and on a treadmill capable
of admitting 130 persons on it at one time. In the
centre of the building is a commodious chapel, in
which divine service is performed ever\' Sunday.
The prison is capable of containing 800 prisoners,
who can be divided into 22 classes, and the arrange-
ments for the separation and classification of offenders
are very judicious.
BRIDEWELL
is a small and inconvenient structure, opposite the
Sessions-house, with which it communicates by a
subterranean passage, as formerly mentioned. Pri-
soners are seldom kept here longer than until they
have been examined before the magistrates, when
they are removed to the other gaols.
STATION HOUSES.
There are six smaller bridewells for the temporary
reception of offenders, in Vauxhall-road, Rose-hill,
Hotham-street, Brick-street, and at the Prince's and
Brunswick Docks. In Seel- street and Rose-hill are
commodious Police Stations, where the men are
daily mustered and drilled between two and three
o'clock.
THE FIRE POLICE STATION
is in Temple Place, Temple Court. Belonging to this
establisliment are fifteen powerful fire-engines, each
of which has an ample supply of hose, fire-escapes,
&c., six water carts, and two large tanks, which
can be drawn by horses to the neighbourhood of a
72 COMMERCIAL AND
fire, each capable of containing seven tons of water.
Several of the engines are distributed in diflFerent
parts of the town. At the principal station, horses
are kept harnessed night and day, in readiness for
instant departure with the engines the moment an
alarm of fire arrives.
THE PARISH OFFICES
in Fen wick- street, have a plain stuccoed front, and
have been rebuilt since a considerable part of the
street was destroyed by fire in 1831.
CLARENDON ROOMS,
in South John, street, contain a number of apart-
ments, generally used as the place of meeting of
trustees, creditors, law-societies, &c., and here is de-
posited a library belonging to the gentlemen of the
legal profession.
COMMERCIAL AND LITERARY
INSTITUTIONS.
In a great commercial town, it is natural to ex-
pect to find a number of the former class of institu-
tions; but Liverpool, while providing for her sons of
commerce, has not been unmindful that commerce
and literature ought to go hand in hand, and has
therefore, at various periods, given birth to Literary
Institutions, which in their respective characters may
vie with any in the kingdom.
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 73
THE news-rooms AND LIBRARIES
are worthy of a prominent place, as being both of a
commercial and literary description.
THE EXCHANGE NEWS-ROOM.
To this elegant room strangers are admitted when
introduced by a subscriber ; and any one wishing
to have an idea of the general appearance and
business-looks of Liverpool merchants, ought to see
them assembled in this spacious apartment, pro-
menading the room, anxiously poring over a news-
paper or shipping list, or clustering in groups; and un-
disturbed by the " busy hum of men," transferring
propertj' to the amount of millions. The length of
the room is 130 feet, and breadth 52 feet. Twenty
Doric columns, each of a single stone, support a
coved and panneled ceiling, and form a magnificent
colonnade in the centre of the room. Over the fire-
places, on the east side, are two emblematical tableaux
in bas-relief, and the room is lighted by five large
chandeliers. On a slate at the north end, is pub-
lished the telegraphic intelligence, shipping arrivals,
sailings, &c., and the tables are amply provided with
London, provincial and foreign newspapers; shipping,
share, and other lists, supplying every information
necessary for the man of business.
THE ATHEN^UM,
the first institution of the kind in the kingdom, was
erected in 1799 at an expense of £4000. It is a plain
but well built stone edifice in Church-street, the
news-room of which is well lighted, fitted up in an
elegant and convenient manner; and supplied with
74 COMMEKCIAL AND
London and provincial papers, magazines, reviews,
periodicals, &c. The number of proprietors is five
hundred, whose annual payment is two guineas and
a half. Above the news-room is a library consisting
of about 16,000 volumes, many of which are exceed-
ingly rare and valuable. None of the books are
allowed to circulate ; but a comfortable room is pro-
vided for individuals wishing to considt works in the
library. Among other curious and ancient volumes
may be mentioned a copy of the work of Henry VIII,,
which obtained for him the title of Defender of the
Faith.
THE LYCEUM
is a handsome edifice at the bottom of Bold-street,
having on the Bold-street side a neat portico, sup-
ported by six Ionic columns. It was intended to
enter from the Church-street side, but local circum-
stances caused the present entrance to be adopted.
It was erected from the design of Mr. Harrison, of
Chester, at an outlay of £11,000. The news-room
is 68 feet long, and 48 feet wide, and has a coved
ceiling 31 feet high. It is constantly supplied with
newspapers, magazines, &c., and has six hundred
subscribers ; proprietors paying one guinea, and non-
proprietors one pound ten shillings per annum each.
The appearance of the library is striking ; it is of a
circular form, and lighted from the roof. A gallery
surrounds the entire room, which is 135 feet in
diameter, affording access to volumes on the higher
shelves. This library, which is known as the " Liver-
pool Library," was originally established in 1758, for
the purpose, as stated in the first " prospectus, of
LITERAKY IXSTITUTIOXS.
affording an ample fund of amusement and improve-
ment in many kinds of useful and polite knowledge."
The number of volumes then amounted to 450, and
the library had 109 subscribers. In 1770, it had
extended to 1600 volumes, since which period it has
rapidly increased, and it now contains upwards of
34,000 volumes. As these works are allowed to cir-
culate among 893 proprietors, it is consequently the
largest circulating librarj' in the kingdom. This
library, to which the subscription is one guinea per
annum, in addition to the purchase of a share, is
daily increasing in value, as ever}- standard work,
and the popular literature of the day, are liberally
supplied.
THE UNION NEWS KOOM
is a plain stone building, in Duke-street, so named
from the circumstance of its being opened on the
1st Januar}', 1801, the day on which the Irish Union
took place. On the ground-floor is a large news-
room, provided with the usual Metropolitan and
provincial papers, &.C., and the adjoining apartments
are occasionally used as exhibition rooms. The cost
of erection, which was subscribed in shares, was
was nearly £6000.
THE CLERICAL LIBRARY
was instituted for the use of the clergy of Liverpool,
and is deposited at No. 93, Bold-street.
In addition to the above, there are several reading
rooms and libraries connected with other institutions,
which will be noticed along with the institutions
themselves.
76 COMMERCIAL AXD
At the head of the Literary Institutions, as being
the first established in Liverpool, is the
EOYAL INSTITUTION.
This is a plain brick building, in Colquitt-street,
which was originally a private house, and was altered
to its present form for the purposes of the institution.
It was founded in 1814, under the auspices of the
late William Roscoe, Esq., and other eminent
literary gentlemen, £30,000 having been subscribed
in shares of £100 each. As detailed in a report
published by the first committee, its objects are, " to
perpetuate in the town of Liverpool, an establish-
ment for continuing and extending the acquisitions
of early years to the subsequent periods of life, and
forming that character of intellectual and moral im-
provement, without which, successful labour is only
misapplied, and riches are of no real use to their pos-
sessor." Since its establishment, it has proved of
essential service to Liverpool, in improving and
ripening a literary taste, which is now every w here
fostered by the erection of kindred institutions. The
public are admitted gratuitously on the first Monday
of each month, and at any other time on payment of
one shilling. When introduced by a proprietor or
subscriber, strangers, not residing in Liverpool, are
admitted free, and foreigners and travellers, though
not introduced by a proprietor, are always admitted
gratuitously. Hours of exhibiting from ten a.m., to
four P.M. During the year ending Feb. 1842,30,956
persons visited the museum, on free-admission days,
without any injury having been done to the property
of the institution ; and in the previous year, 40,275
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
individuals availed themselves of the privilege. On
entering the building, the first room on the left is
the committee-room, which contains a small library
of works of reference. At the end of the hall is the
lecture-room, a commodious and comfortable apart-
ment, capable of accommodating 500 persons. Be-
hind tlie lecture- room is a laboratory with various
conveniences. In the philosophical department, is
an excellent collection of apparatus and mechanical
models. Above stairs is a variety of curiosities from
the South Seas, many of which are extremely rare.
The first room on the right contains the natural his-
tory specimens, comprising a great number of stuffed
quadrupeds, &c. A small room on the left is devoted
to antiquities, most of which, including several mum-
mies, are from Egypt. The most elegant apartments
are those containing the collection of birds, which
are arranged in handsome glass cases round the
rooms ; and a xery complete classification of minerals
and shells occupies the tables in the centre of the
room. On the higher floor is a further collection of
fossils and minerals.
The schools of the institution are in Seel-street,
and have a handsome stone front of the Doric style
of architecture, consisting of a pediment supported
by four beautifully proportioned columns. They
are attended chiefly by the sons of the higher classes,
who receive education to qualify them for the Uni-
versities, &c.
78 COMMERCIAL AND
THE PERMANENT GALLERY OF ART
is in Colquitt-street, opposite the Royal Institution,
to which it belongs. It was projected in 1840, and
in May 1841, the plans of Mr. Cunningham were
adopted, and the work contracted for by Mr. Beattie,
for about £1450. The building is intended for the
reception of casts and works of art; and the collec-
tion of casts from the Elgin, ^gina, Phygalian, and
other ancient marbles, has been removed from the
room in the Institution in which they were formerly
deposited, to this more eligible situation, where are
also models of the Laocoon, Apollo Belvedere, Venus
de Medici, &c. The building consists of two stories,
with one principal apartment in each. The lower
one is occupied as the gallery of casts, and is lighted
by a row of lateral windows on the north side. In
the upper room is a series of very rare and antique
paintings, chiefly of the old Italian school, from the
collection of the late Mr. Roscoe, together with many
which have been purchased or presented to the Insti-
tution. A splendid statue of Roscoe, executed in
white marble by Chantrey, has, by the generosity of
the committee, to whom it is entrusted, been added to
this gallery.
Open from ten o'clock in the morning till six in the
evening during summer, and in winter from ten
o'clock to dusk. Charge for admission one shilling.
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 79
MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.
This is the most flourishing establishment of the
kind in the kingdom, and is conducted in a manner
eminently calculated to benefit all classes of the
community. The building is in Mount-street, and
has a massive stone front with a projecting portico,
consisting of a cornice supported on four Ionic
columns, erected from the plans of Mr. A. H. Holme,
at an expense of upwards of £11,000, exclusive of
£3000, the amount required to repair the damage
sustained by fire immediately prior to its opening in
1837, and the cost of erecting the two wings, which
have been recently added. The lecture-room is in
the middle of the building, in the form of a horse-
shoe, with the rostrum in the centre, and lighted
from the roof, and it is capable of accommodating
1200 persons. Behind the lecture-room are apart-
ments used as a laboratory and apparatus room,
and the remainder of the ground floor is occupied
by the library, board-room, school-rooms, &c. It is
contemplated to erect an organ and orchestra at the
back of the platform, in the lecture-room, in order
to give additional effect to the musical performances.
The second floor is appropriated to school-rooms, in-
cluding the statue-gallery, which is used by the pupils
of the drawing department. The space over the labo-
ratory is elegantly fitted up as a museum, which pro-
mises at no distant period, to be of great interest and
value. The walls of the passages above stairs are
ornamented with several appropriate paintings, which
have been presented by diff"erent individuals ; andthe
niches on the staircases and in the lecture-room, are
80 COMMERCIAL AND
filled with busts and statues, some of which are ex-
ecuted in marble. The institution is open to visitors
every Saturday morning, when the pupils are publicly
examined; but the public are at any time at liberty to
inspect the establishment. On Wednesday and Satur-
day evenings, lectures are given on popular and
scientific subjects, to which non-members are ad-
mitted on payment of one shilling. During the year
ending March, 1843, the number of members of the
institution was : —
Life members 539
Annual members 1204
Quarterly Members 16
Sons of members 538
Apprentices of members 273
Apprentices of non-members. ... 401
Ladies 404
Total 3375
The schools connected with the institution are in
three divisions. The evening schools consist of
twenty-five departments, conducted by thirty-one
masters, and contain about 600 pupils, to whom
instruction is given in reading, grammar, composi-
tion, elocution, debating, geography, history, writing,
arithmetic, and mathematics, book-keeping, che-
mistry, natural philosophy, mineralogy, astronomy ;
the Latin, Greek, French, German, and Spanish lan-
guages; figure, ornamental, landscape, perspective,
mechanical and architectural drawing; naval archi-
tecture, painting, modelling, vocal music, dancing
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 81
and gymnastics. The lower school has sixteen mas-
ters, and contains 576 pupils, who receive for £1 15s-
per annum, an excellent solid education. The terms
of admission to the high school are £10 10s. per
annum for sons of members ; and there are at pre-
sent in this department 180 pupils, who receive in-
struction in every branch of education necessary for
a commercial or professional life, and have access to
all the advantages afforded by the institution. The
library contains 11,011 volumes, in every department
of literature. During 1842, 44,953 sets of works, or
68,603 volumes have been taken out by 2,805 readers.
In the mouths of June and July, 1 842, an exhibition
of fine arts, manufactures, curiosities, &c., was held
in the institution, the receipts for which were about
£4,000. During the thirty six days which it con-
tinued open, it was visited by nearly 100,000 indi-
viduals. About 20,000 pupils belonging to the dif-
ferent charity schools of the town were admitted
gratuitously, as were also the police and militarj'
forces of the town, and 380 domestic servants. The
whole of the privileges and advantages of the insti-
tution, including admission to several of the evening
classes, are obtained for £1 Is. per annum, and .5s.
for sons of members.
82 COMMERCIAL AXD
THE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION.
The foundation stone of this elegant building was
laid by the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, M.P., on the
22nd October, 1840, and it was publicly opened by
the Lord Bishop of Chester, the Right Hon. W. E.
Gladstone, M. P., and other distinguished individuals,
on the 6th January, 1843. The object of the institu-
tion, as stated in the first prospectus, is " the edu-
cation of the commercial, trading, and working clas-
ses, in which instruction in the doctrines and duties
of Christianity, as taught by the United Churches of
England and Ireland, shall for ever be communicated,
in combination with literary, scientific, and commer-
cial information.'' The building, which has been
erected under the able superintendence of its talented
architect, H. Lonsdale Elmes, Esq., is the noblest
edifice erected for educational purposes in this part of
the kingdom. The principal elevation faces Shaw-
street, is of the Tudor style, 280 feet in length, col-
legiate in its aspect, and is consistently decorated
throughout, with projecting centre and wings. A
magnificent arch in the centre, over the principal
entrance, together with colossal statues of Lord
Francis Egerton and Lord Stanley, placed in richly
carved canopied niches in the wings, add to the im-
posing effect. The lofty oriel windows carried up
through two stories, give solidity and repose to
the angles of the structure. The elevation con-
sists of three tiers of windows, those of the two
upper floors being combined together into a general
composition, producing the effect of a single range
of lofty windows. The highest floor is lighted
LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 83
from the roof. The four stories comprise forty-eight
apartments. Those on the ground floor are 14 feet
in height, and consist of six school rooms, (two 26
by 20 feet, two 40 by 2o feet, and two 50 by 2o feet,)
dining rooms, and keeper's rooms, besides vestibules,
waiting rooms, and others of a subordinate nature.
On the first floor are the board room, secretary's
room, nine school rooms, (two 50 by 25 feet, three
40 by 25 feet, and four 25 by 20 feet,) lecturer's room,
laboratory, &c., all 17 feet high. On the upper floor
are several spacious apartments, used as a museum,
picture and sculpture gallery, the latter of which is
218 feet in length, and access is to be had to each
story by three separate staircases. The theatre is a
spacious octagonal apartment, 50 feet high, capable |
of accommodating 2,300 persons, occupying a part of
the first and second floors. It has an upper and a
lower gallery, and behind the lecturer's platform is a
music room, with rising seats for 300 performers,
which is capable of being thrown open to the hall at
pleasure. The monthly performances of the Phil-
harmonic Society are held here, and their organ has
been removed to this situation, till a more powerful
one shall have been built for the institution.
The schools of the institution are in three classes.
The upper school is under the superintendence of 12
masters, and the course of education comjjrises the
classics, mathematics, chemistry, natural philosophy
writing, and book-keeping, the French, German,
Italian, and Hebrew languages, drawing and vocal
music. The middle school is conducted by 12 mas-
ters, and the lower school by 7 masters. In the even-
ing schools are taught the following branches by 14
84 COMMERCIAL AND
masters : navigation and nautical astronomy, algebra
and geometry, English, arithmetic, writing; land-
scape, figure, and ornamental drawing and painting ;
mechanical and architectural drawing; modelling,
and anatomical drawing, naval architecture, the
classics, the German and French languages, vocal
music, chemistry and natural philosophy. The terms
are twenty guineas per annum for pupils of the
upper school, ten for the middle school, and three
for the lower school, with an annual subscription to
the library and lectures. Lectures are delivered on
Tuesday and Friday evenings, at half-past seven
o'clock, on various interesting subjects, to which in-
dividuals are admitted, at 2s. for the lower gallery,
Is. for the body of the hall, and 6d. for the upper
gallery. The Bishop of Chester is the visitor of the
institution, Lord Francis Egerton the president, the
Rev. Rectors of Liverpool the chairmen, and the
principals are clergymen, graduates of the Univer-
sities of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin.
THE MEDICAL INSTITUTION
is a neat building, at the corner of Hope-street and
Mount Pleasant, in the form of a segment of a
circle, with a stone front, consisting of six Ionic
columns and corresponding pilasters, forming an
elevation 198 feet long and 35 feet high. The cost
of erection was nearly £3,000, £1,000 of which was
given, together with the laud on which it stands, by
the corporation, and the remainder was subscribed
by the medical gentlemen of the town. The interior
consists of a lecture room, lighted from the roof,
LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 8o
capable of accommodating 300 or 400 persons, a
library belonging to the members of the medical pro-
fession, a museum, and various other apartments.
The meetings of several philosophical societies are
held in this building. It was built from the plans
of Messrs. Rampling.
THE BEOUGHAM INSTITUTE,
over the Arcade passage in Lawton- street, was estab-
lished in 1836, for the jjurpose of providing instruc-
tion to the lower classes of society at a cheap rate,
and to give them an opportunity of holding meetings
for mutual improvement. Lectures are delivered on
Thursday evenings ; discussions on questions of gene-
ral interest take place on Tuesday evenings; and
there is connected with the institute a newsroom,
well supplied with newspapers, magazines, and peri-
odicals. The subscription to the newsroom is 7s.
per annum, or Id. for a casual visit. Open from
eight in the morning till ten at night.
THE MECHANICS AND APPEENTICES' LIBEARY
was established in 1803, chiefly through the exer-
tions of the late Egerton Smith, Esq., and was lately
removed to the Brougham Institute. Books are
allowed to be taken out by mechanics and others for
the small sum of id, a volume per week, on their
producing a recommendation from their employers.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The proudest monuments of a nation's wealth are
its Charitable Institutions; and in Liverpool the
extent and utility of these establishments have uni-
formly kept pace with the wealth of the inhabitants
THE INFIRMARY,
situated in Brownlow-street, was opened for the re-
ception of patients in 1824, having been erected from
the designs of Mr. Foster, at an outlay of £27,000,
in room of the old Infirmary in St. John's Lane,
which was opened in 1749, and had become too small
for the increasing population. Six Ionic columns,
supporting a plain frieze and jjrojecting cornice,
(which is carried round the whole building,) form the
portico at the front. The width at the back, includ-
ing the wings which recede from the portico 82 feet,
is 204 feet, and the depth from the front of the build-
ing to the back, 108 feet. Nearly twenty rooms on
the ground floor afford accommodation for the
officers of the Institution, committees, household, &c.,
except one large apartment in the left wing, which is
fitted up as a ward-room for accidental cases. The
upper stories are entirely appropriated for patients,
and additions have been recently made to the estab-
lishment, by which more ample accommodation is
aflForded. Out of twenty wards, five, containing up-
wards of one hundred beds, are allotted to surgical
cases, four to medical cases for men, and the remain-
der are set apart for women. In the centre of the
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 87
building is a steam engine which supplies the esta-
blishment with water, and with steam for cooking,
works a mangle, and is applied to other useful pur-
poses. In the yard is an elevated erection, on which
is placed a clock, which can be seen from all parts of
the building, and strikes the hours and quarters.
The utility of this Institution is proved by the num-
ber and variety of patients who are annually admitted.
During 1841, 2186 patients were admitted, of which
number only 135 cases proved fatal, and 1375 were
cured. The average weekly number in the house
was 212. The affairs of this charity are managed by
a president, a committee of twenty-five, and the
other officers of the Institution are, a consulting
physician and two consulting surgeons, three phy-
sicians, three sui'geons, a house surgeon, an apothe-
cary, and a matron.
THE LUNATIC ASYLUM
is connected with the above, and under the manage-
ment of the same committee, besides a physician,
governor, and matron. It is situated in Ashton-
street, contiguous to the Infirmary, on extensive
premises, which are enclosed by a high stone wall.
The foundation-stone was laid in 1829 and the build-
ing was finished, under the direction of Mr, Foster,
at an expense of £11,000. The centre portion of the
structure recedes, the sides forming projecting wings,
and the walls, as high as the string sill of the upper
windows, are rusticated. The interior arrangemeut
provides every convenience to the unfortunate indi-
viduals requiring its restraint, affording a sufficiency
of light, air, and warmth. The wangs are formed
88 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
into wards, with cells on each side, and the centre
part is used as day-rooms, and as the keepers' apart-
ments. Within this establishment patients of the
more wealthy class of society receive all the atten-
tion, and experience all the comforts of a private
asylum. During 1841 forty-three new patients were
admitted in addition to forty- eight in the Institution
on the 1st January, of which number twelve were
cured and five died. The average weekly number
in the house was thirty-four.
THE LOCK HOSPITAL,
30 named from the founder of such Institutions, is
under the same superintendence as the Infirmary and
Lunatic Asylum, and is situated opposite the latter,
on the east side of Ashton-street. The building was
opened in 1834, is of simple construction, and affords
accommodation to about 60 persons; 503 were ad-
mitted during the past year, of whom 400 have been
cured. The average weekly number in the building
was 42.
THE DISPENSARIES, NORTH AND SOUTH,
are situated, the former in Vauxhall-road, and the
latter in Upper Parliament -street. This Charity was
originally instituted in September, 1778, at premises
in John-st., and was afterwards removed to Church-st.
and Marybone, and latterly to the present building in
Vauxhall-road, which was occupied 1st Jan., 1831.
The South Dispensary was established inl822, in the
building which it now occupies. The North Dispensary
has a front, the centre of which consists of four Ionic
columns, 30 feet high, supporting an entablature and
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 89
battlement. The side parts project a little forward, and
are ornamented by pilasters with Grecian capitals.
The basement story is appropriated to the domestic
arrangements of the establishment, besides having two
bathing-rooms. On the principal floor are the Phy-
sicians' Hall, (39 by 20 feet). Surgeons' Hall, (22^ by
18 feet), with their examination rooms, the Secretary's
ofiice, laboratoiy, shop, waiting room, &c. On the
second floor are the board-room, surgeons', apotheca-
ries'and apprentices' rooms, library, &c. ; and the upper
floor is entirely occupied by sleeping apartments.
Behind the main building are the bleeding and dis-
secting-rooms. The fact that upwards of 52,000
cases were relieved during the year 1841, at once
attests the efficiency and utility of these institutions,
which have, since their commencement in 1778,
afforded relief to nearly 1,372,000 patients. During
1840 the total medical cases relieved at the North
Dispensary were 17,569, at the South Dispensary
15,093, and surgical cases, 9125 and 8420 respectively j
and of this number 19,262 were visited at their own
houses, and supplied with medicine. The govern-
ment of this charity is vested in a committee, which
meets monthly, consisting of a president, two vice-
presidents, a treasurer, two auditors, the churchwar-
dens, and fifteen other governors, with a physician
and surgeon from each Dispensary. Each Dispensary
has a sub-committee of its own, which holds its
meetings weekly, and whose decisions are under the
control of the general board. Attendance is given
daily, (Sundays excepted), at ten o'clock in the morn-
ing ; and the only proper objects of this charity are
90 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
the sick and poor, who are unable to pay for
medicine.
EASTERN DISPENSARY.
In addition to the above long established institutions,
the Eastern Dispensary was formed in 1838 for the
convenience of the poor in the east district of the
town. The building, which is No. .35, Islington,
was formerly a private dwelling-house. The utility
of this establishment may be seen from the number
of cases relieved during the year 1841, which
amounted to 6567, and 2204 were visited at their
own residences. All patients require a subscriber's
recommendation ; and attendance is given daily at
the Institution from eleven till one o'clock. The
affairs of this charity are superintended by a presi-
dent, four vice-presidents, a treasurer, a secretar}^, and
a committee of twenty-four trustees. There are also
connected with it three honorary medical officers, a
consulting physician, and a house surgeon.
THE NORTHERN HOSPITAL
is a brick building, which was formerly a dwelling-
house, situated at the end of Leeds-street, near the
canal. The situation has rendered it of greater utility
than it would have possessed had it been farther re-
moved into town, as prompt assistance is now afforded
in the case of the numerous accidents that occur in
the neighbourhood of the docks. It is intended, as
soon as the funds of the institution shall permit, to
erect a more commodious building, as the present
house is frequently so crowded, that cases even of
extreme danger, have to be refused admittance. In
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 91
1841, 669 accidental cases, 507 medical, and 246 sur-
gical patients were received, making with those in
the establishment on the 1st January, 1,493 total
patients; of this number 1,208 were cured, and 65
died. The direction of the affairs of this charity is
vested in a committee, consisting of a president,
vice-president, treasurer, two auditors, and twenty
other trustees, who meet at least once a month, and
oftener, if necessary. The medical officers are three
honorary physicians, three honorary surgeons, and
two house surgeons.
SOUTHERN AND TOXTETH HOSPITAL.
The first meeting of parties favourable to the forma-
tion of this institution, was held in the early part of
1838, when a subscription was commenced for carry-
ing the plans of the projectors into effect. The cor-
poration of Liverpool liberally presented 1,400 square
yards of land, valued at £3,400, for the site of the hos-
pital ; and plans for the erection were gratuitously
furnished by Mr. Cunningham. On the 2nd March,
1841, the foundation stone was laid by the mayor^
and the building was completed on the 17th January,
1842, on which day it was publicly opened. The
erection was contracted for by Mr. Bateman, for the
sum of £3,925, which was i-aised by subscription.
It consists of a handsome brick building, fronting
Parliament-street, Flint-street, and Greenland-street.
The principal front, which is in Flint- street, is two
stories high, stuccoed, and has white stone facings.
In the centre is a solid projection to relieve the uni-
formity of the appearance, and the building is entered
by a plain portico, surmounted by a stone cornice.
92 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
with an arched door way, and lighted by windows
at the sides. The front part of the principal floor is
occupied by the house-surgeon's and matron's private
apartments, committee room, &.C., A spacious corri-
dor leads from the entrance hall along the entire
length of the building, from w hich the wards on each
side are entered, and it is terminated by the theatre,
in which important operations are performed. This
apartment is large, comfortable, and well lighted,
and possesses conveniences for operation, equal to
those of any similar institution in the kingdom.
Adjoining it are baths and washing rooms. The
remainder of the principal floor is occupied by the
pupils' rooms, wards for male patients, the shop,
nurses' rooms, and other conveniences. The whole
establishment is ventilated and heated by Dr. Reid's
apparatus, being the first hospital into which it has
been introduced. There is a second floor over the
front part of the building only, and this is entirely
appropriated to the female patients, of whom about
15 can be accommodated. The entire building,
which has in all nine wards, will contain from 50
to 60 patients, without crowding the apartments.
Patients are admitted by a recommendation from a
trustee; but cases of accident or extreme urgency are
admitted at all times, night or day. The govern-
ment of the hospital is vested in a committee, con-
sisting of a president, vice-president, treasurer, two
auditors, and fifteen other trustees, which meets
monthly, and a sub-committee which meets every
week. The medical officers are an honorary phy-
sician, three honorary surgeons, and a house surgeon ;
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 93
and the domestic arrangements are superintended by
a matron.
THE WORKHOUSE
was opened in 1772, and is situated on the space of
ground between Brownlow-hilland Mount-pleasant;
the front of the principal part of the building, before
which is a large lawn, facing the former street.
The interior accommodation is good ; aged persons
inhabiting apartments on the ground floor. Each
individual is employed in some trade ; the male adults
as joiners, tailors, shoemakers, bricklayers, slaters,
blacksmiths, spinners, &c., and the females as semps-
tresses, bonnet-makers, kc. Boys are instructed in
various trades to fit them for becoming apprentices.
The establishment is supported by the poor-rates,
and is under the control of the parish authorities.
THE HOUSE OF RECOVERY
is a detatched building, in grounds contiguous to the
workhouse, entering from Mount-pleasant, and it was
opened in 1806. Patients are admitted to the benefits
of this establishment when ill of fever, or any con-
tagious disease,on the recommendation of aPhysician,
orofoueofthe ofiicersofthe Infirmary or Dispensaries.
All due care is taken of the patients; and the judicious
treatment here received, combined with the openness
of the situation, is frequently the means of restoring
the diseased to health and vigour, and of preventing
the spread of epidemic diseases in the confined parts
of the town. — Supported and governed as the work-
house.
94 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND.
This institution is situated in London-road, at the
corner of Hotham-street,has a plain stuccoed exterior,
and extends in a long range of building as far back
as Lord Nelson-street. A resolution has been re-
cently made by the committee, that, " owing to the
interruption which the pupils experience from the
indiscriminate admission of visitors, non-subscribers
cannot be admitted beyond the shop, without an
introduction, either personally or by note, by a donor
or subscriber." The institution is, however, with
the above restriction, at all times open to visitors,
who will derive most gratification from attending
the school on Tuesdays and Fridays, at two o'clock,
when there is a musical performance of the pupils.
This establishment was founded in 1791, by a num-
ber of benevolent individuals, among the principal of
whom was Pudsey Dawson, Esq., and it has since
been very liberally supported. The inmates, of whom
there are at present 107, are employed in various
trades, such as weaving, spinning, rope and basket-
making, the manufacture of mats, rugs, stair-carpets,
floor-cloth, sash-line, shoe-making, &c., and the
articles are sold for the benefit of the institution.
During 1840, the amount disposed of was £1496
16s. 8d. Many of the pupils receive instructions in
music, both vocal and instrumental, on the system of
Dr. Bell, which has in other establishments been
successfully introduced, and from this institution
have emanated not a few talented musical performers.
Particular care is paid to the religious and moral
training of the inmates, as well as to their health ;
and inducements to proficiency and good conduct
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 95
are held out to them, in the shape of gratuities on
quitting the establishment, varjing from £2 to £5,
according to merit. From its commencement till
1840, 1062 have been received into the school, of
whom 179 belonged to the parish of Liverpool, 241
to other parts of Lancashire, and 642 to other parts
of the United Kingdom.
THE CATHOLIC BLIND ASYLUM,
situated at No. 16, Islington, was established in 1841,
for the purpose of " affording to the Catholic blind
an elementary education, and instruction in those
branches of industry which shall be found suitable
to each pupil's capacity, and of bringing them up in
the principles of their religion." The government of
the asylum is vested in a committee who hold quar-
terly meetings, and the institution is supported by
subscription. Applicants must be above ten years of
age, and have a recommendation from a sub-
scriber; and a payment of two shillings a week
towards the maintenance of each pupil, must be
guaranteed, prior to his admission. There are at
present eleven inmates in the establishment, which
can accommodate sixteen, who are chiefly employed
in basket and mat making, knitting, and in learning
music. The institution is open to visitors at all
hours of the day, and articles made by the pupils are
exposed for sale.
SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.
This institution, founded by William Comer, Esq.,
in 1825, was originally opened in Wood-street, and
removed in October, 1840, to the present commodious
96 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
premises in Oxford-street South, on the site of the
entrance to the old Botanic Garden.
The principal object of the benevolent founder
was to give to the institution more the character of
a seminary than an asylum, by connecting with it a
day school, the great importance of which is, as is
shown in the report for 1829, " that attendance at
a day school still leaves the pupils at liberty to par-
ticipate in the exercise of those endearing relations,
which it should ever be the object of christian charity
to foster and promote;" and the system of day pupils
allows, with a smaller outlay, the advantages of the
institution to be aflForded to a larger number of in-
dividuals, than if they were boarded in the establish-
ment. The daily association of mutes, under the
training of such an institution, with children of their
own age, in possession of all their organs, must also
be highly advantageous, as by imitation and ex-
ample, faculties which would probably never be exer-
cised in an asylum are here brought into play. This
school is at present the only one in the kingdom open
for the reception of day pupils, which is a matter of
regret, as it appears from their last report, that in
Great Britain there are 14,328 mutes, with only
twelve institutions for their rece])tion, at which no
more than 745 are receiving the benefit of instruc-
tion. The school now contains 58 pupils, viz., 31
boarders, of whom 23 are boys and 8 girls, 22 day
pupils, of whom 15 are boys and 7 girls, 5 private
pupils who reside with the master. Of this number
52 are instructed, gratuitously ,3ind for all the children,
a substantial dinner, (also gratis) is daily provided
by the institution.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 97
The foundation stone of the building was laid by
the mayor, Hugh Hornby, Esq., on the 24th October,
1839, and the erection completed in one year. The
building is of a plain Grecian character, the entrance
front, which is of white stone, being relieved by a
solid projection in the centre, surmounted by an
entablature and pediment. A parapet or attic is
carried round the principal fronts, and effectually
hides the roof of the building, A portico of beautiful
proportions, comprising two Ionic columns in antis
approached by a broad flight of steps, forms the en-
trance to the principal floor, on each side of which
are windows with moulded architrave. On entering
the hall, which measures 18 feet by 18 feet, a paint-
ing by lUidge, of VV. Comer, Esq., over the staircase,
is the most prominent object. The principal floor
has two private parlours for parlour-boarders, each
24 by 16 feet, private rooms for the master and
matron, each 18 by 16 feet; an assistants' room,
communicating with the school-room, 18 by 12 feet ;
a spacious school-room, 40 by 33 feet, and a dining-
room. Between the dining and school-rooms are
sliding doors, by means of which the two can be
thrown into one when more accommodation is neces-
sary. The second and third floors are occupied by
private bedrooms, and large and comfortable dormi-
tories, capable of accommodating 100 resident -pupils.
The internal arrangement of the entire building is
such, that each floor is divided into three compart-
ments, by which means the boys' and girls' rooms
are kept distinct from each other, as well as from the
master's private rooms. The principal apartments
are heated and ventilated by a simple but efficient
98 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
apparatus, connected with a furnace in the yard.
The basement story, the floor of which is only 1 foot
6 inches below the level of the street, contains
spacious kitchens, store rooms, washing and bathing
rooms for both boys and girls, &c, ; and the part
under the dining and school rooms is open to the
play-grounds, and fitted up as two separate gymna-
siums. The entire building is the most complete of
its kind in the kingdom, and reflects great credit on
the skill of the architects, Messrs. Cunningham and
Holme, and on the judgement of Mr. Rhind, the head-
master, according to whose suggestions they acted.
The structure was erected by Messrs. S. and J.
Holme, at an expense of £5,938, the greatest part of
which was defrayed by subscription. Visitors are
admitted at any time by an order from a subscriber,
but they are requested to attend, if possible, on
Tuesdays, between the hours of ten and twelve, and
two and four, in order that the arrangements of the
school may not be interrupted. Every stranger who
visits this interesting institution, cannot fail to be
astonished at the proficiency which these unfortunate
mutes exhibit in every department of study, and
especially in the faculty of articulation, which has
been most successfully introduced by Mr. Rhind,
who shews that it is possible that even the dumb may
he taught to speak.
THE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
was formed in January, 1841, by the Union of the
Ophthalmic and Ear Institutions, the former of
which had been in operation upwards of twenty
years, during which period not fewer than 31,000
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 99
cases had been assisted, either with prescriptions or
operations. The institution is near the bottom of
Mount Pleasant, and has accommodation for eleven
in-door patients, whose cases require peculiar care.
The object of the charity is to atford gratuitous relief
to the poor afflicted with diseases of the eye or ear,
any person being eligible to assistance on the recom-
mendation of a subscriber. It is open daily from
eleven to twelve o'clock, and patients also receive
occasional medical attendance at their own resi-
dences. During 1841, the number of patients relieved,
or cured of the diseases of the eye, amounted to
2280, whose attendance amounted to 9000 visits.
The number of patients relieved or cured of diseases
of the ear, was 1879. The number of in-patients
was 57.
THE ALMS HOUSES
in Cambridge-street, are a range of low buildings, in
the form of three sides of a square, open to the front,
built, as stated on the inscription, " By the Corpora-
tion of Liverpool, in 1787, in lieu of others formerly
erected for certain charitable purposes."
THE SHIPWRIGHTS' ALMS HOUSES,
in Bond-street, have been erected by the Shipwrights,
for the accommodation of decayed members of their
Society.
THE BLUE COAT HOSPITAL,
in School-lane, consists of an extensive range of
brick buildings, with stone ornaments, having a
spacious area in front, enclosed by iron railings.
100 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
This institution was originally established in 1709,
and consisted of a small building accommodating
forty boys and ten girls, who received clothing and
instruction gratuitously from the charity, but lived
with their parents. In 1714, through the exertions
of Bryan Bluudell, Esq., a subscription was raised
for providing an establishment in which the children
should reside, and be entirely under the control of
the institution. It was commenced in 1717, and
completed in 1726. The object of this institution is
stated in the inscriptions, " Christiance Charitati pro-
movendce inopique pueritice, Eccksiee Anglicanoe prin-
cipiis imhuendee Sacrum.
Anno Salutis, MDCCXVII.
Large additions have been subsequently made, nearly
equal to the original building, the centre part of
which is occupied by a large hall, over which is the
Chajjel. The wings are used as school-rooms, dor-
mitories, and private apartments. 250 boys and 100
girls are boarded, clothed, and educated by this
charity, the former of whom are instructed in reading*
writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, history,
and occasionally geometry, and mensuration ; and
the girls are taught sewing, knitting, and domestic
duties, in addition to the usual subjects. The
Madras system is pursued, and the scholars are
trained according to the principles of the established
church. The age for admission of boys is nine
years, and eight if they are orphans, and for girls
eight years, all remaining till they are fourteen years
of age.
Service is performed every Sunday afternoon, at
half past four, in the chapel of the institution, to
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 101
which the public are admitted, on making a small
donation at the door. One of the elder boys offici-
ates as chaplain, and the whole of the children unite
in singing and chanting the responses. About thirty
of the boys and girls are then examined by another
boy, on religious subjects, after which the service is
concluded, and the pupils then proceed to the room
below, where they have a substantial supper of bread
and cheese, with a can of beer. The order, neatness,
and ability of the scholars, reflect great credit on
those under whose care they are placed. The charity
has been very liberally supported, and many munifi-
cent donations have been made by benevolent
individuals, some of whom have been educated in the
institution.
FEMALE PENITENTIARY.
This institution was established in 1809 by a few
benevolent individuals in premises in Edge-hill, and
was afterwards removed to the more commodious
building in Falkner-street, which can accommodate
upwards of sixty individuals. The number of in-
mates during last year averaged fifty-eight, and the
total number admitted since the institution was
founded is 1092. It is supported by subscription,
and has been successful in restoring to society more
than one-third of the unfortunate females who have
been received into the establishment. Previous to
their being fully received to the benefits of the house,
inmates undergo three months' probation.
CATHOLIC MAGDALEN ASYLUM.
The foundation stone of a building for this purpose
102 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
in connexion with a church to be also erected, was
laid at Edge-hill 17th March, 1841. The expense to
be defrayed by subscription.
PERMANENT NIGHT ASYLUM FOR THE
HOUSELESS POOR.
This excellent institution, opened 25th December,
1830, is situated in Freemason's-row, Vauxhall-road,
and has for its object to provide " an asylum during
the rain and the chilling blasts of a winter's night?
to the aged, the destitute, and the stranger in distress.''
This charity which owes its origin to the exertions
of the late Egerton Smith, Esq., was the first of the
kind established in the kingdom, and has during the
first eight years of its existence afforded a comforta-
ble shelter to individuals, occupying 122,736 berths.
The actual number of persons admitted during that
period was 42,266, shewing that the average stay of
each individual was between two and three nights.
The inmates sleep on sloping wooden beds, like those
in a soldiers' guard-room, ranged against the wall in
three tiers, and particular attention is paid to their
cleanliness, and to the ventilation of the apartments.
Over the entrance is the following inscription : —
ASYLUM FOR THE HOUSELESS POOR.
" Knock and it shall be opened unto you."
Luke^ chap. 1 1 , v. 9.
LANCASHIRE REFUGE FOR THE DESTITUTE,
in Roscoe-street, was opened in 1823, and is sup-
ported by voluntary contributions. The object of this
charity is to afford a home, clothing, and maintenance
to such of the female felons, liberated from the county
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
103
jails, as shew signs of penitence and reformation, and
it has been eminently useful in reforming the charac-
ter and restoring to society many unfortunate females,
who would otherwise have lived in a state of utter
moral degradation. After a course of good conduct
they are either reconciled and restored to their friends,
or provided with situations as domestic servants.
LADIES' CHARITY.
This charity was established in 1795 for affording
assistance and relief to poor but reputable married
women, in child-bed, at their own houses, and pro-
viding them with the comforts which their situations
require. It is conducted by a committee of ladies
of the highest respectability, and a ball is annually
held at the Town-hall, the proceeds of which are
devoted to the objects of this charity. The number
of cases relieved during 1841 was 1757, and the total
number since the commencement exceeds 58,000.
DISTRICT PROVIDENT SOCIETY,
instituted in 1831, has for its objects " the encourage-
ment of industr}- and frugality; the suppression of
mendicity and imposture ; and the occasional relief
of sickness and unavoidable misfortune.'' The poor
are encouraged to make small deposits, returnable
with interest when required, and these in 1840-41
amounted to £12,818, received from 6,329 depositors.
The number of families relieved by the charity during
the same year, was 14,506, at a cost of £1,230. The
total deposits with the society since its commence-
ment have been £117,434. Office, Queen's-square.
104 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
STRANGERS' FRIEND SOCIETY,
Office in Benn's garden. This society originated with
the Wesleyan Methodists in 1795, and has for its ob-
ject the relief of poor strangers who have no claims
for support on the parish of Liverpool, It is main-
tained by private subscription, and annually affords
assistance to upwards of 16,000 individuals.
LIVERPOOL CHARITABLE SOCIETY
was established in 1823, and conducted on a plan
similar to the above, chiefly by members of the esta-
blished church.
SOCIETY FOR BETTERING THE COITDITION OF
THE POOR.
The business of this Society, instituted in 1809, is
carried on at the Saving's Bank, and is conducted
on the principal that the best relief the poor can
receive is that which comes from themselves. This
is attained by the organization of Friendly Societies
and Sick Clubs, to which small monthly contribu-
tions are made. With this society originated the
SOUP KITCHENS,
which are now supported by a distinct fund. These
I establishments are three in number, and their utility
I is apparent from the amount of wholesome food
provided for the poor during periods of general
! distress. From 22nd December, 1841, to 7th Feb-
ruary, 1842, were distributed,— at the Pickup-street
Kitchen, 88,941 quarts. Flint-street Kitchen, 66,397
quarts. Gill- street, Kitchen, 59,301 quarts.— Total
214,639 quarts.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 105
WELSH CHARITABLE SOCIETY,
was established in 1804, for the purpose of educating
and clothing the children of Welsh parents in Liver-
pool. The societ}' supports large schools in Russell-
street, which are attended by between 200 and 300
children, who pay one penny per week, and are
taught the usual branches of plain education. They
are conducted on the principles of the established
church.
LIVERPOOL FEMALE ORPHAN SOCIETY.
The object of this institution, established 24th Aug.
1840, is to " relieve poor female orphans, belonging
to Liverpool, deprived of both parents, exposed to
the risk of want, the certainty of temptation, and
the too frequent consequence of vice and misery ; "
to bring them up in the principles of the established
church, and qualify them for domestic service. The
institution, which will accommodate from forty to
fifty children, is at present situated in L'pper Stan-
hope-street • but it is contemplated to erect a more
commodious building in 31yitle-street, near the new
Haymarket, as soon as the funds of the institution
are sufficient for the purpose. The age of admission
is from eight to eleven, and the number of inmates
in the establishment, on 28th February, 1842, was
forty-two.
THE CATHOLIC ORPHAN HOUSE
is an institution of a similar nature in Mount Pleasant,
established in 1819, in which about eighty girls are
supported, who are admitted between the ages of six
and eleven years.
106 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
CONVENT OF THE SISTERS OF MERCY.
A building for this purpose has been recently com-
menced in Mount Vernon-street, Edge-hill, the in-
terior of which is to be on the plan of a similar
establishment at Birmingham. The structure will be
of the old ecclesiastical character, and will contain a
chapel, cloisters, oratory, cemetery, sacristy, refectory,
noviciate parlour, community room, work room,
school room, twenty cells, a dining room for poor
children, for whom there are also a dormitory and
play room, and kitchen with other offices. To be
erected by subscription, and from part of the funds
left for charitable purposes by the late C. R. Blun-
dell, Esq., of Ince.
THE CHARITABLE INSTITUTION HOUSE,
in Slater- street, is an institution peculiar to Liver-
pool, and was erected in 1819, at the joint expense of
John Gladstone, James Cropper, and Samuel Hope,
Esqrs., as a place of meeting for the committees of
the charitable institutions of the town, who are ac-
commodated without charge, on application to the
trustees. A record office is attached to the establish-
ment for the reports of all charitable institutionsj
and the lower part of the building is used as a de-
pository for the Bible Society.
MARINE HUMANE SOCIETY,
instituted in 1823, for the laudable purpose of in-
ducing seamen and others, by rewards and otherwise,
to exert themselves in cases of shipwreck, danger, &c.
for the preservation of life.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 107 '|
:!
THE LIVEEPOOL SHIPWEECKand HUMANE SOCIETY,
is of a nature similar to the foregoing, and originated
after the memorable hurricane which occurred in
January, 1839. The objects of the society are, " the
preservation of life from shii^wreck, — providing relief
for the immediate necessities of the unfortunate
sufiFerers wrecked on the shores contiguous to the
port of Liverpool, and the reward of persons instni-
mental in rescuing life from shipwreck." During the
first two years of its existence, the society distributed
£363 as rewards for saving life, and £113 as relief to
sufiFerers from sliipwreck.
SEAMENS' FEIEND SOCIETY, OE BETHEL UNION
was established for the purpose of improving the
religious and moral condition of the seamen of the
port, by procuring a suitable place of worship,
establishing Day and Sunday Schools, circulating
the scriptures and useful tracts, providing respectable
lodging-houses for seamen, and encouraging among
them habits of economy and frugality. The society
has several meeting-rooms and libraries in the
neighbourhood of the docks, and the Floating Chapel
in King's Dock, is under their direction. The Bethel
Union is chiefly supported by Dissenters.
MAEINEES' CHURCH SOCIETY,
instituted in 1826, "for promoting the religious
instruction of seamen, agreeably to the constitution
of the established church." The Mariners' Church,
in George's Dock, is under the management of this
society, who have also recently opened a Mariners'
Reading-room, at the south end of the dock. A
108 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
Sunday School is also supported by their funds, at
present attended by about eighty children. Since
its commencement, upwards of 14,000 tracts have
been distributed by the society.
THE TOWN MISSION,
formerly called the Christian Instruction Society,
was established in 1831, and has for its object the
promotion of the religious improvement of the poor,
by the employment of agents who visit them at their
own houses, read the scriptures, converse on religious
subjects, and endeavour to induce them to attend
places of worship. Their efforts have been crowned
with the happiest success. During 1841, 64,565
visits have been paid by the agents, who have held
3,152 meetings for prayer and expounding the scrip-
tures, and have circulated 1,646 testaments, 1,715
religious books, and 68,000 tracts.
LIVERPOOL AUXILIARY OF THE BRITISH AND
FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY
was instituted in 1811, has been well supported
by persons of all denominations, and has provided
thousands, who would otherwise have been without
the blessing, with copies of the scriptures.
A LADIES' BRANCH SOCIETY
was formed in 1817, which has been carried on with
a degree of zeal and energy, surpassing the most
sanguine expectations of the founders. The bible
depository is in Slater- street.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 109
LIVERPOOL BRANCH OF THE NAV.IL & MILITARY
BIBLE SOCIETY.
established in November, 1831. An agent is em-
ployed by the society to visit outward-bound vessels,
and supply the seamen with copies of the Bible at
reduced rates. During the year ending 3Iay, 1840,
961 copies were thus distributed.
A LADIES' AI-:s:iLIARY
of the above society was formed in October, 1839.
LIVERPOOL CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
is a district committee of the parent society, estab-
lished 1815, which has a depository- at 93, Bold- street,
for the sale of bibles and other religious publications.
LIVERPOOL RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY
has a depositor}- at 50, Lord- street.
SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION.
Depository, 74, South Castle- street. This society
has for its object the encouragement of the formation
of Sunday Schools, and the elevation of the character
of the teachers. A course of lectures is annually
delivered to the teachers of the schools in the union,
by ministers of various denominations.
In addition to the above charitable, benevolent, and
religious societies, there are numerous others, which,
though of minor importance, would have been here
successively noticed, had the limits of the work
allowed it.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
Besides the Royal, Collegiate, and Mechanics' In-
stitutions, which from their comprehensive nature,
are classed with the Literary Institutions, Liverpool
possesses many excellent schools adapted to the
wants of the poorer classes.
THE CORPORATION SCHOOLS
are two in number, and from their respective locali'
ties, are denominated the North and South Schools ;
the former situated in Limekiln-lane, and the latter
in Park-lane. They arose out of the Free Grammar
School which was given up in 1803, and although
its re-establishment was frequently discussed in coun-
cil, no measure was adopted till 1825, when the pre-
sent schools were erected, at an expense of £12,000.
They were opened in 1827. The course of instruc-
tion consists of reading, writing, arithmetic, geogra-
phy, &c., but the religious part of the education is
a subject of constant dispute between the parties
forming the town council. Connected with each
school is a library. The number of children at
present receiving education is —
N. School, 223 boys, 156 girls, 157 infants. .Total 545
S. School, 197 „ 126 „ 170 „ „ 493
Total 1038
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND FREE SCHOOLS
are two in number, and were opened in 1837, in op-
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Ill
position to the Corporation Schools. The children
educated in them receive the usual branches of edu-
cation, with religious instruction in accordance with
the principles of the Church of England. The North
School is in Bond-street, and the South School is
situated in Cornwallis- street, each of them having a
boys', girls', and infants' school. Besides these two
there are Free Schools connected with almost every
Established Church in the town, and as they are all
conducted on similar principles, it is unnecessary to
enter into detail respecting them.
CHARITY SCHOOLS.
Hunter-street Charity School was established in
1793, by the late Stephen Waterworth, Esq., and
endowed by bequest with the sum of £4000 from the
late Mrs. Frances Waterworth, his sister, in 1800.
The children are taught gratuitously on the National
School system, and in conformity with the tenets of
the Church of England.
Edge Hill Girls^ Charity School was endowed by
bequest of the late Miss Mason, in 1813. There are
40 girls on the books, who receive a useful education,
and are partly clothed by the funds of the endow-
ment.
Caledonian Charity School, erected in 1812 by sub-
scription, for the education of children of Scottish
parentage. The education is gratuitous, and the
children are required to attend regularly some Sun-
day School.
Copperas Hill Charity School, erected by subscrip-
tion among the Roman Catholics in 1806, and sup-
ported by subscription and donations. The system
112 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
of instruction pursued is a modification of that of
Dr. Bell.
Mr. Croppers^ Orphan House, Toxteth Park, estab-
lished in 1832, for boarding, clothing and educating
indigent female orphans of all denominations.
Manesty-lane Charity School, is connected with
Paradise-street Chapel, and was established by the
late Mrs. Clough.
St. Patrick's Charity School, Toxteth Park, was
established in 1807, by the Benevolent Society of St.
Patrick, to provide instruction for the cliildren of the
indigent Irish of all denominations.
Hotham-street Day and Infant Schools are supported
by members of the Society of Friends. The day
schools were opened in 1819, and the Infant school
was added in 1824. Connected with the Infant school
is a soup establishment, at which from sixty to
seventy children dine daily.
St. James^ and St. Philip's Charity Schools, in St.
James' Road, was originally established by the late
Moses Benson, Esq., in 1802, who endowed the school
with £1000, and by the congregation of St. James'
Church. In 1825 the schools of the congregation of
St. Philip's were united with those of St. James'.
National School, Edge-hill, was established in 1824
by voluntary contributions. Connected with the
school is a library and a clothing society.
Girls' Charity School, Windsor, established by Miss
Colquitt, in 1832, and supported by subscription.
Harrington Charity School was established in 1807,
and supported by subscriptions and donations, aided
by the payment of Id. per week from each scholar.
Mr. Cropper's Charity School, Toxteth Park, was
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 1 13
established ill J 830, and is principally supported by ;
J. Cropper, Esq. There is a library, and a clothing j
society connected with the school. |
Leeds-street Charity Day and Infant Schools, were
established in 1815, in connexion with Leeds-street
Wesleyan Chapel, and is supported by subscription.
Jordan-street Charity Day and Infant Schools. The
former was opened in 1819 and the latter in 1821,
and are supported by subscriptions chiefly among
the Wesleyans.
In addition to the above there are charity schools
connected with nearly all the places of worship in j
the town, which it is unnecessary to particularize, i
as they are chiefly supported by voluntary con- I
tributions from the members of the respective con- i
gregations to which they belong, and are conducted
in a similar manner.
The state of Education generally, may be gathered ;
from the following statement, founded on a " Report '
on the State of Education in the borough of Liver- ;
pool," compiled by the Manchester Statistical
Society, in 1836, and read at the meeting of the
British Association, at Bristol.
Of the total population of Liverpool it appears
that 6f per cent, attend Sunday Schools; If per
cent, receive Sunday School instruction only ,• 12§
per cent, attend Day Schools; i per cent attend
Evening Schools; and 14§ per cent, of the entire
population are receiving instruction from all kinds
of schools. This average must now be considerably
greater, as since the period that the tables were
compiled, numerous other educational establishments
of all descriptions have sprung into existence.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
The number of these erections is very considerable,
and the style of architecture and internal arrange-
ments of many, render them objects of interest.
ESTABLISHED CHURCH.
Till the year 1699, the town of Liverpool was merely
a chapelry of the parish of Walton, and St. Nicholas,
or the Old Church, was at that time the only ec-
clesiastical building in the town. So early as the
year 1361, the Bishop of Lichfield, in whose diocese
Liverpool then was, granted license to bury in the
cemetery, attached to the chapel, which was probably
erected about the period of the conquest. In 1565,
the chapel was endowed by Queen Elizabeth, with
the annual sum of £4 17s. 5d., for the support of the
minister. The earliest parish records in Liverpool,
are of the date of 1681, although there is in the
Chester register office, a Liverpool register, dated
1624, from which it appears, that during that year,
there were 21 burials, 4 marriages, and 35 chris-
tenings.
ST. NICHOLAS' CHUECH.
St. Nicholas', or the Old Church, is at the bottom
of Chapel-street, and the present structure was
erected in 1774, under the direction of Joseph Brooks,
Esq., on the site of the former building. The old
spire was, however, at that period left standing, and
till 1810 was the only part of the Old Church re-
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 115
maiiiing. Its entire removal was occasioned by its
falling, on Sunday, the lltli February, that year, as
the congregation were assembling for divine service.
While the second peal was ringing, the whole of the
spire, and the north and east sides of the upper part
of the tower fell into the body of the church, burying
beneath the ruins twenty-eight individuals, seventeen
of whom were girls of the Moorfields School, at
that moment proceeding up the aisle. This melan-
choly accident was attributed to the gradual decay of
the arches supporting the spire, by the action of the
elements, and the vibrations caused by the frequent
ringing of the bells. The present handsome steeple
was built in 1815, from plans by Mr. Harrison, of
Chester, and consists of a tower of the Gothic style
of architecture, surmounted by a beautifully designed
open lantern, of a light and elegant form. The
height from the base to the summit is 180 feet, 120
feet of which is the elevation of the tower, and it is
provided with a peal of twelve bells. With the old
spire were destroyed some of the few fine specimens
of antiquity, of which Liverpool formerly boasted.
An image of St. xsicholas, the tutelar saint of the
mariner, formerly stood in the church yard, at whose
shrine sailors presented their offerings and vows.
The church is 102 feet long and 70 feet wide, is well
lighted by six windows on each side, has a gallery
supported by short stone pillars, and has seat-room
for 1322 persons. In the interior are several monu-
ments, some of which are of considerable antiquity.
One dated 1716, is in memory of William Clayton,
Esq., who represented the borough in six different
parliaments. Another marks the burial place of
116 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
Bryan Blundell, Esq., alderman, and one of the
founders of the Bkie Coat Hospital. A third tablet
appears in memory of William Naylor Wright, for-
merly a captain, and once mayor of the town, erected
by an unknown individual, whose life he saved. An
elegant monument by Gibson, at one side of the
communion table, serves as a memorial of Mrs. Earle,
whose " innate goodness endeared her to her family
and connexions." The rectors of the parish are the
Rev. Jonathan Brooks, and the Rev. Augustus
Campbell.
ST. PETER- S CHURCH,
situated in Church-street, is next in point of anti-
quity, and is supposed to be the lirst parish church
erected in Lancashire after the Reformation. It w as
built by assessment in 1700, and was consecrated in
1704. The exterior is plain, of dark stone, and at
the west end is a tower 108 feet high, the upper part
of which is octangular, each angle being surmounted
by a pinnacle in the shape of a candlestick. The
clock is illuminated with gas, and there is in the
tower a peal of ten bells. Each of the four portals,
the designs of which were obtained from London, is of
a different style of architecture. The interior of the
church is plain, and has the appearance of consider-
able antiquity ; the galleries being supported on oak
pedestals, richly carved, on each of which rests a
slender column supporting the roof. Behind the
altar is a piece of elaborate carving in brown oak ;
and over it, in the altar window, a representation of
St. Peter. At the west end is an upper gallery, the
centre of which is occupied by the organ, and the
PLACES OF WOESHIP. 117
side parts are appropriated to the children of the
Bhie Coat Hospital. The principal monuments are?
one at the south side of the church, in memory of Foster
Cunlifte, Esq., who died in 1758; and another at the
east end of the church, marked by costliness rather
than beauty, in memory of William Lawley, Esq.
The church is 86 feet 9 inches long, and 67 feet 2
inches wide, and will accommodate 1,287 persons.
ST. GEORGES CHURCH,
at the top of Lord-street, was originally built in 1732,
but, with the exception of the interior framework,
was entirely rebuilt under the direction of Mr. Foster,
in 1821. The walls of the building, (which is lighted
by twelve segment-headed windows,) are rusticated
and finished by a rich Doric entablature and em-
panelled parapet. The spire is at the west end of
the church, and the lower part, to correspond with
the building itself, is ]-usticated and crowned by a
similar entablature. From this base, which is 30
feet square, rises a square pedestal supporting an
octagonal stylobate with Ionic columns 22§ feet high,
and 2| feet in diameter, at each angle. Between
these columns are the belfry-windows and clock-
dials. Eight Corinthian columns 21 feet high, of
which the next tier consists, disposed round the
centre part of the steeple, (which is here circular,)
support a balustrade forming a passage round the
steeple at the point whence the spire springs. The
spire is octangular, and its total height 214 feet.
The interior of the church is very handsomely
fitted up, and contains 817 sittings. In the chancel
window is a beautiful painting of the crucifixion, by
118 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
Hilton. Below the church are vaults for sepulture,
but there is no church-yard attached. The incum-
bents of this church succeed to the parish churches
on the demise of the rectors.
ST. THOMAS'S CHURCH,
situated near the bottom of Park-lane, was consec-
rated in 1750. The body of the church is rusticated,
and the interior is lighted by two rows of windows,
between which are Ionic pilasters. On these rest an
entablature and empanelled parapet, with vases above
each pilaster. The spire was originally 240 feet high,
but 20 feet of it was blown down on the loth March,
1797, which was afterwards rebuilt. In 1822, con-
siderable danger was apprehended from its having
become insecure and vibrating during violent gales.
It was accordingly surveyed, and ordered to be taken
down. A short but handsome tower, with a square
rustic basement now occupies its place. From this
basement, a little above the cornice, the tower
becomes octagonal, and has eight large belfry win-
dows with circular heads and ornaments, and it is
finished by a dome and cross. The interior of the
church is plain, and will accommodate 1188 persons.
The chancel is of a circtilar form, richly panelled and
ornamented by fluted Corinthian pilasters. The
galleries rest on eight pedestals, from which proceed
Corinthian columns, finished by an entablature which
supports the roof. At the west end is an upper
gallery for the organ, &c.
ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
is situated in St. Paul's Square, and was consecrated
PLACES OF WOKSHIP. 119
in 1769. The building has a rustic basement, and
is of a soft stone, which in many places has suffered
decay from the action of the elements. On the west
side is a bold Ionic portico, consisting of a pediment
projecting considerably, and supported on four
columns, approached by a broad flight of steps.
There are similar porticoes of three-quarter columns^
on the north and south sides. The sides of the
church are finished by a range of balustrades and
plain vases. A handsome dome on an octangular
base, crowned by a ball and cross, gives effect to the
structure. This dome is supported internally by
eight stone Ionic columns, reaching to the roof,
which, from their heaviness, detract considerably
from the appearance of the interior. The gallery,
which is octangular, is placed behind these columns,
and the altar is in an oval niche. This church will
accommodate 1658 persons. In addition to the usual
services, there is service in the Welsh language on
Sunday evenings.
ST. AXNE'S CHURCH,
in Great Richmond- street, was erected in 1772, at
the expense of two private gentlemen, and vN-ill ac-
commodate 864 persons. The building is of brick,
stuccoed, of a plain appearance, and the principal
entrance is at the south end, facing St. Anne-street.
At the north end is a brick tower, the four angles of
which are finished by small pinnacles. It is neatly
fitted up, the gallery being supported on cast-iron
pillars, said to have been the first of the kind used.
ST. JOHN'S CHUECH,
in St. John's-lane, Haymarket, has seat-room for
120 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
1094, and was built in 1784, of yellow free-stone.
The north and south fronts are each lighted by ten
windows, with pointed arches, five in each story,
between which are niched buttresses on each of
which rests a pedestal and pinnacle. The tower is
123 feet high, rectangular, and finished at the top,
with a number of small pyramids. The altar, over
which is the organ gallery, is in a square recess at the
east end. The lower part of the Church is free to the
poor.
TRINITY CHURCH
in St. Anne street will accommodate 1188 persons.
It was erected by a number of private individuals?
and consecrated in 1792. At the west end of the
Church, which is of stone, with a rusticated basement,
is a square tower, which, towards the top, becomes
ortagonal, with vases on each angle. It is lighted by
two tiers of windows on each side ; and finished by
an attic demi-balustrade.
ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH
is a small cemented building in Byrom-street, with
seats for 497 persons. It was licensed as a Protestant
dissenters' meeting-house of the Baptist denomination
in 1722, and afterwards consecrated as a Church.
ST. MATTHEWS CHURCH
is situated in Key- street, and accommodates 526 in-
dividuals. It was first licensed as a Protestant dis-
senters' meeting-house in 1707, and subsequently
consecrated.
PLACES OF WOESHIP. 121
CHRIST CHUECH
is a handsome brick building in Hunter-street, orna-
mented with stone, capable of seating 2805 persons,
erected at the sole expense of the late John Hough-
ton, Esq., in 1797, and consecrated in 1800. On the
north end of the building is a light cupola, in which
is a commodious room with four large windows, com-
manding an extensive prospect of the town and
neighbourhood. The top is surrounded by a circular
gallery which may be ascended from this apartment.
The interior of the church is handsome and commo-
dious, with a light and airy appearance. It has a
lower and upper gallery on three sides, besides an
organ gallery on the south side over the altar. Four
hundred of the sittings are free, and an endowment
is provided for the minister, organist, clerk, and sex-
ton, from the rents of several of the pews. The cost
of erection of this church was about £15,000.
ST. JAMES' CHUECH,
in Upper Parliament- street, was erected by private
proprietors in 1774. It is a plain brick building,
with two tiers of circular-headed windows, and a
square tower at the west end. The interior has re-
cently undergone considerable improvement and de-
coration.
ALL SAINTS' CHUECH,
in Grosvenor-street, is a plain building, originally a
tennis-court, which will hold nearly 2000 persons.
It was built in 1798, and opened by license from the
Bishop of the diocese in 1834.
122 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
ST. MARK'S CHURCH,
in Upper Duke-street, is a large brick building which
had formerly a tower, the upper part of which has
been removed. It was erected by subscription,
licensed in 1803, and consecrated in 1815, having
cost £10,000. It accommodates 1626 individuals,
and has 300 free seats. The painting of the church
window representing the " Ascension," is worthy of
notice. The cost of this window was £700.
ST. MARY'S CHURCH,
Edgehill, is a plain but neat brick edifice, with a
square tower at the west end, erected in 1813, by the
late Thomas Mason, Esq. The interior is comfort-
able and convenient.
ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH, (EVERTON.)
This church, which was erected in 1814, on the site
of the old beacon, is a handsome Gothic building of
red sandstone. It is lighted by seven windows
on each side, between each of which is an abut-
ment terminating in a pinnacle. The whole of the
window-frames, pillars, arches, groins, roof, &c. are
of cast iron, giving the interior a light and tasteM
appearance. In the church is a beautifully painted
window, and at the other end of the church is a
Gothic tower, 96 feet high, each angle of which is
finished by a pinnacle.
ST. ANDREWS CHURCH
in Renshaw-street, was built in 1815, at the sole ex-
pense of John Gladstone, Esq., at a cost of £14,000.
It will accommodate 1650 persons, and has 400 free
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 123
seats. The exterior is stuccoed, with stone ornaments,
and it has a light turret steeple, sunnounted by a
dome and cross resting on eight columns.
ST. PHILIPS' CHURCH,
in Hardman- street, was built at an expense of
£12,000, by Mr. John Cragg, and consecrated in
1816. It will accommodate 1000 individuals, and
has 150 free seats. It is built of brick, plastered,
in the Gothic style, and the frame work both in-
ternally and externally is of cast iron.
ST. MARY'S CHAPEL; OR, CHURCH OF THE SCHOOL
FOR THE BLIND.
This beautiful building, situated in Hotham-street,
(formerly called Duncan-street,) was erected by John
Foster, Esq., who, after a long residence in Greece,
was desirous of building in his native town, a
church, the architecture of which should be a copy
of some of the most perfect models of Grecian art,
and at an outlay consistent with the resources of the
charity. The foundation stone was laid on the 6th
October, 1818, by the bishop of the diocese, and the
church was opened by the same prelate on the 6th
October of the following year. The architecture of
the building is a peculiar species of the Doric order,
and the portico of the w^est end is an exact copy of
that of the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, in the
island of Egina. The church is capable of accom-
modating 1000 individuals, and one-half of the seats
are appropriated for the use of strangers. With the
school for the blind this building communicates by a
subterraneous passage, through which the pupils enter
124 PLACES OF WORSHIP,
the church. Over the altar is a stained glass paint-
ing of the "Ascension," executed by Mr. Lyon, of this
town. Nearly behind the reading desk is an appro-
priate painting, by James Hilton, Esq., who obtained
for it the prize from the British Institution, the sub-
ject of which is " Christ restoring the blind to sight."
The picture was presented to the institution by
Henry Wilson, Esq. Over the vestry door, on the
north side, is a painting, by Haydon, purchased by
the institution, illustrative of the passage " Suffer
little children to come unto me." Within the church is
also a monument erected in memory of the late Pud-
sey Dawson, Esq., one of the founders of the charity.
A principal object in the erection of this elegant
church was to make it serve as an auxiliary for
supporting the benevolent institution with which it
is connected, on the plan of the Magdalen and
Foundling Hospitals of the Metropolis. Every
stranger, therefore, who attends divine service is
expected to contribute a small amount in silver
towards the charity; plates for receiving contribu-
tions being held at the door. The amount received
in this manner during 1840 was £756 2s. 8d. The
vocal part of the service is conducted by the blind
pupils, who are assisted by a powerful organ, built
by Gray, of London.
ST. MICHAEL' S CHUKCH
is situated in Upper Pitt -street. The first stone w^as
laid on 24th June, 1816, and the parish expended
£35,000 on its erection, but it being still unfinished,
the corporation, in 1823 arranged for its completion,
which cost them £10,267. The church will accom-
PLACES OF WOESHIP. J 25
modate 1306 persons, and has 520 free seats. It is
of the Corinthian order, having on the west side a
portico 61 feet 7 inches in length, consisting of ten
Corinthian columns .3 feet 2 inches in diameter, and
31 feet 8 inches high ; the capitals of which are copied
from the remains of the temple of Jupiter Stator at
Rome, supporting an entablature, which is carried
round the building. The windows are circular-
headed, and divided into two by a panel. The pedes-
tal, on which the steeple rests, is at the west end, and
supports sixteen Ionic columns 22 feet 6 inches high,
between which, are the belfry windows, with an entab-
lature and balustrade. Above this is a pedestal car-
rying eight Corinthian columns and pilasters, forming
four projecting portals, and from this order sprang
an octangular spire, the total height of which was
201 feet from the ground. This part was struck by
lightning on the 24th August, 1841, and was so much
shattered as to require to be taken down.
ST. DAVID'S CHURCH,
near the bottom of Brownlow-hill, is a plain building,
98 feet by 52 feet, with a stone front, fitted up with
galleries on three sides, capable of accommodating
1200 persons, and having 300 free seats. It was
erected in 1827, Divine service is performed in
Welsh at nine and three o'clock, and in English at
eleven and half-past six o'clock every Sunday.
ST. MARTIN'S IN THE FIELDS.
This church is situated in Oxford-street (north,) and
was erected by government in 1828, at an expense of
£20,000, from the designs of 3Ir. Foster, on land
126 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
given by the late Edward Houghton, Esq. The mo-
dern Gothic style of architecture is that adopted in
the building, and at the west end is a tower, with oc-
tagonal turrets at the angles finished by pinnacles.
From this tower rises an octangular spire crowned by
a movdded cap and ornamental tinial,the total height
of which is 198 feet. It was shattered by lightning
during the same storm by which St. Michael's spire
was injured, but has been recently repaired. The
Church, w^hich is 97 feet by 69 feet, will hold 2000
persons, and has 1300 free seats. It is lighted by six
lofty windows on each side, with pointed heads, and
moulded traceries, and between each of which is a
projecting buttress finished with a canopy and pin-
nacle. The interior is handsomely arranged ; the gal-
lery and a portion of the roof rest on iron pillars,
from the top of which, spring 12 moulded arches,
with a wall dividing the nave from the aisle. The
parish authorities have purchased 10,000 square yards
of land adjoining the church as a public cemetery, and
surrounded it by a substantial stone wall.
ST. AUGUSTIXE'S CHURCH,
situated on an eminence, in Shaw^-street, Everton,
was erected in 1830, at an expense of £5,000, on
land given for the purpose by Thomas Shaw, Esq.
The architect was Mr. John Broadbent, and the
general design is Grecian. The details of the body
of the church and the lower part of the tower are
copied from the Choragic monument of Thrasyllus
at Athens. The upper part of the tower consists of
fluted columns, disposed round an octagonal centre,
supporting an ogee dome, and is copied from the
1 t
AU'WicifT^r IJeni Snu'd' . St ■/Uk ( 't/sf/, ■ SfnYtJ.ii crfwl.
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 127
Ionic Temple on the Illissus. The pillars in the
interior, supporting a gallery on three sides of the
building, are continued to the roof, which is neatly
ornamented. The church will seat 1500 persons,
and has 250 free sittings,
ST. BRIDE'S CHURCH.
This church which is situated in Percy-street, Upper
Parliament- street, was erected under the superin-
tendence of Mr. Samuel Rowland, architect. It is
capable of accommodating 1400 persons, 400 sittings
being set apart for the poor, and was consecrated
29th December, 1830. At the west end is a bold
portico of six Ionic columns, 29 feet 4 inches high, sup-
porting an entablature and pediment. Six Gr^eco-
Egyptian windows on each side afford light to the
interior, which is commodious and elegant. The
gallery is supported on cast-iron pillars, and the
ceiling is panelled.
ST. LUKE'S CHURCH,
at the comer of Berry-street and Leigh-street, forms
a prominent object from the whole length of Bold-
street. The foundation stone was laid in April,
1811, but owing to a variety of unavoidable circum-
stances it was not opened till 1831. The sum of
£44,110 was expended by the corporation on its
erection, from the design of John Foster, Esq. It
is a beautiful specimen of the Gothic style of the
fourteenth century, constructed entirely of white
stone ; and a considerable amount of ornament,
both internally and externally, has been successfully
introduced. The tower, which is at the west end,
128
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
is 137 feet high, and has octagonal turrets at the
angles, perforated by jiointed loop-holes, with rich
labels, and finished with embrasures. The beautiful
proportions of the lofty windows add greatly to the
appearance of the tower. The sides of the building
are supported by buttresses, finished with pinnacles,
and the windows between them are of three com-
partments, with tracery heads. The cornice is sur-
mounted by moulded embrasures. The east window
in the chancel has a pleasing appearance, and har-
monises well with the richness of the panelling,
the octagonal-headed turrets, and the open quatrefoil
blocking at this end of the building. The interior
is finished in a manner coi'responding with the ex-
terior of the edifice. There are no side galleries,
and only a small one at the west end for the organ
and choir. The ceiling is richly panelled in the
centre, and groined at the sides, the intersections
being filled up with foliage, drops, and open bosses.
The ceiling of the chancel is also groined and di-
vided from the body of the church by a bold arch.
This church will accommodate about 2,000 persons
in the area, including the chancel. The windows
are ornamented with stained glass, and contain the
armorial bearings of each member of the old cor-
poration. The west entrances are approached by a
broad flight of stone steps, and the church-yard is
enclosed by handsome iron railings, with lofty pin-
nacled piers.
ST. JUDE'S CHUECH,
Low-hill. This church was erected by subscription,
from designs by Messrs. Rickman and Hutchinson,
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 129
of Birmingham, at an expense of little more than
£6,000, and consecrated in 1831. It is built of
brick, and cemented, with stone ornaments and
facings, and the style of architecture is the Gothic
of the thirteenth century. It has four large turrets
with lofty pinnacles, and all the angles of the build-
ing are finished by smaller pinnacles. The principal
entrance is a platform, approached by a flight of
steps. The side windows are of the lancet form,
having bold buttresses between them. At the east
end is a large and richly filled circular window over
the altar. The interior will accommodate 1,500
person, and it has 500 free seats ; it is handsomely
arranged and decorated, and has galleries on three
sides. The organ, the form of which harmonizes
with the architecture of the church is placed over
the altar. Below the church are commodious schools
for the accommodation of about 400 children.
ST. CATHARIXES CHURCH
forms the centre part of the east side of Abercromby-
square. It was erected by subscription in 1831, by
John Foster, Esq., at an expenseof £10,000, and will
accommodate 1,000 persons. The front has a portico
of six Ionic columns, supporting an entablature with
dentilled cornice, and a suitable pediment. The
only light admitted into the interior, with the excep-
tion of that from the altar window, is by the cupola
in the roof; this arrangement being necessary from
the situation of the building. The galleries rest on
square piers, which support Corinthian columns ex-
tending to the roof, and the ceiling is richly panelled.
130 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST'S CHURCH,
situated in Park-road, is a beautiful specimen of the
old English style of ecclesiastical architecture, and
was erected in 1832. Its shape is cruciform, and it
is built of red stone, finished on all the sides with a
battlement, and pinnacles at the angles. The side
aisles and angles of the building are supported by
buttresses, which are also terminated by pinnacles
with crockets and finials. The entrances at the
north, south, and west ends, are plain, having above
the door way circular windows, lighting the stair-
cases within, and small niches on each side. The
upper part of the building is lighted by numerous
small lancet windows near the roof, but the lower
ones are large and circular-headed. The steeple is
at the west end, and consists of a square tower, with
buttresses at the angles, terminating in pinnacles,
with large belfry windows, above which are the clock
faces and a battlement. From this springs a plain
octagonal spire. The interior has a striking appear-
ance, the lofty roof, in which the rafters are shewn,
being supported on pointed arches, the piers of which
are clustered. The aisles are separated from the
nave by smaller stone arches, and the galleries are
placed on cast iron pillars, at the extremities of the
nave and transepts. The chancel window has three
lancets, and before it is placed the pulpit, which is
extremely light.
ST. MATTHIAS' CHURCH
is situated in Love-lane, Great Howard- street, and
will accommodate 1,050 persons, having 500 free
seats. It was opened in July, 1834, having been
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 131
erected at an expense of £3,100, on land presented by
the corporation. Under the church are two school-
rooms, which will accommodate 500 scholars. The
exterior is of brick, with a portico in front, supported
by two massive Ionic columns.
ST. SIMON'S CHURCH
in Gloucester-street, was originally a Scotch Seces-
sion chapel, and afterwards occupied by the Inde-
pendents, from whom it was purchased. It was con-
secrated in 1841, the congregation of the Hebrew
church having removed from their former place of
worship in Sir Thomas'-buildings.
ST. SAVIOUE'S CHURCH
is situated near Falkner-square, and was erected by
subscription in 1839, from the design of Mr. Murray,
of Dublin. It is of brick plastered, with a tower at
the east end, the upper part of which is octagonal, com-
posed of eight arches of brick-work, with four pedi-
ments, and surmounted by a vase. The design of the
front and tower was by Mr. Welch of this town, and
not that originally intended. The interior is lighted
by two tiers of windows, and the gallery is supported
by neat cast iron pillars. The pulpit and desks are
of massive oak and stand in the centre aisle.
ST. BARTHOLOMEWS CHURCH
situated in Nay lor- street, was opened on 6th Febru-
ary, 1841, being the first erected by the Liverpool
Church Building Society. It will accommodate from
1300 to 1400 persons, and half of the sittings are free.
The architect was Mr. Clayton, of Ormskirk, and the
i32 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
expense of erection was £6000, inclusive of £2000,
the price of the land. It is built of brick, of the Go-
thic style, with a neat spire from one of the angles ;
and its internal as w^ell as external appearance im-
presses the spectator with the idea of an old ecclesi-
astical structure.
ST. BAEXABAS' CHUECH
is situated at the bottom of Parliament-street, and
was consecrated in June, 1841. It is built of red
stone, and the workmanship is of a rery superior de-
scription. It will accommodate about 1560 persons,
and the interior is elegantly fitted up, with a due re-
gard to convenience. The windows are of the lancet
form, and between each of them, and at the angles are
projecting buttresses, which are terminated by slender
pinnacles. The steeple, which is 135 feet high, is at
the south end, and the lower part is square, finished
with pinnacles, cornice, &.C., having a clock face and
belfry windows above the door. From this tower,
springs a slender spire with small lancet loop-holes.
The principal entrance is at the south end under the
steeple.
ST. SILAS- CHURCH
in Pembroke-place, was erected in 1841, by subscrip-
tions and donations, chiefly raised by the congrega-
tion of St. Jude's Church. The front is of red stone,
and the remainder of the building is of brick. The
principal entrance is by a platform elevated a little
above the level of the street. There is a plain
Saxon spire, wath a square base, projecting from the
church. The building is well lighted by long lancet
PLACES OF WORSHIP, 133
windows on each side. The interior is neatly ar-
ranged, with galleries on three sides, and upper gal-
leries above the stair- case for the Sunday scholars.
The roof is supported by rafters in the old Gothic
style, which greatly improve its appearance. The
chancel, which is in a square recess, is separated from
the body of the church by a pointed arch, and is
lighted by a small lancet window on each side.
ST. CLEMENT' S CHUECH,
Upper Stanhope-street, Windsor, is built of red sand-
stone, in the Saxon style, with a belfry at the east
end. The principal entrance is at the north side, and
the church is lighted by lancet windows. The ap-
pearance of the interior is striking, as it is low in the
sides, and has a lofty pointed roof supported by oak
rafters. The altar is in a projection at the east end,
and there is a gallery carried round three sides of the
building. Over the stair-cases are two small galleries
for the Sunday school children, separated from the
body of the church by arches. The whole of the in-
terior is painted in imitation of black oak, and the
design is exceedingly chaste and ornamental. The
first stone was laid in May, 1840, and it was conse-
crated in June, 1841. £1500 of the expense was
raised by subscription, and the remainder w^as de-
frayed by the Liverpool Church Building Society.
ST. THOMAS' CHURCH.
Warwick-street, near Brunswick Dock, is built of
red sandstone, with a tower at the north end, the
lower part of which is square, with pinnacles at the
angles, and the upper part octagonal, finished with
134 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
a battlement and pinnacles, and having four belfry
windows. An inscription on the lower part of the
tower informs us that " This church was built and en-
dowed in 1840, by John Gladstone, Esq., of Fasque,
N. B.,a merchant of Liverpool.'^ The interior is plain,
with a gallery at the north end, and it will accom-
modate about 900 individuals. The pulpit and read-
ing desk project on brackets from the wall on each
side of the altar, and enter by a door opening into a
staircase behind. The altar is lighted from the roof,
and the place of the usual chancel window is sup-
plied by pannelling. Prayers are performed here
daily, at nine o'clock in the morning and at seren in
the evening, and on Sundays at three o'clock in the
afternoon, in addition to the usual services. In this
church, as well as in St. Silas', St. Clements, and
nearly all the new churches, there is not the usual
clerk's desk, the congregation being expected to join
in the responses.
ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST'S CHURCH
is situated in Hope- street, and was opened as a
Church of England on 21st March, 1841, it having
been previously occupied as a place of worship by
a denomination styling themselves " the Christian
Society," who on that day, together with their pastor,
joined the established church. It is a plain stuccoed
building.
MARINER'S CHURCH.
This is a commodious place of worship for the use of
seamen, moored at the south end of George's Dock,
It was originally the " Tees,'' an 18 gun sloop, which
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 135
was granted by government for the purpose to which
it is now applied. It is fitted up in the usual man-
ner of a church, with galleries, &c., and the church
of England service is regularly used.
Many of the churches in the suburbs are worthy
of notice, some on account of their antiquity, and
others for their architectural beauty. They will be
pointed out in the Itinerar}\
The hours of service and the clergymen of the
different churches in Liverpool, are given in the
Appendix.
CHURCHES IX CONNEXION WITH
THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
OLDHAM-STREET.
This is a large brick building without any architec-
tural ornament; which was the first erected for the
convenience of the Scottish inhabitants of Liverpool.
ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH,
in Rodney-street, was erected from the designs of Mr.
Foster, and opened in 1824. It has a stone front
wath a lofty Ionic portico, very much enriched, sur-
mounted by an entablature and balustrade. Over
the stair- cases, which are at the angles, are two square
turrets, composed of a square tower lighted by four
windows, with eight isolated Corinthian columns,
supporting an entablature, blocking, &c., and finish-
ed by a cupola. The interior is handsomely fitted up
with galleries on three sides.
136 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
ST. PETER'S CHURCH.
The foundation stone of a handsome building, to
be styled St. Peter's Church, was laid a few month's
ago, in Scotland-road, near St. Anthony's Chapel, and
the building is rajDidly progressing.
CATHOLIC CHAPELS.
ST. MARY'S, EDMUND-STREET.
A chapel erected on this site has existed from a very
early period. About the year 1745, it was attacked
by a mob, and burned to the ground, and soon after-
wards the present one was erected. It is of very
humble appearance, and though small, (measuring
but 66 feet 6 inches, by 43 feet 8 inches,^ will ac-
commodate a large congregation in consequence of
having two galleries, which extend far into the body,
on all except the altar side. It is intended to be re-
placed by a magnificent chapel in the Gothic or
ancient English style, the architect of which will be
Welby Pugin, Esq. There are no schools attached
to the present chapel, but it is intended to erect large,
ones adjoining the new building. The clergy are
monks of the order of St. Benedict.
ST. PETER'S, SEEL-STREET,
is a spacious building, (86 feet 4 inches, by 48 feet,)
attended by a numerous congregation, and has in
connection with it, schools for the education of 600
children, boys, girls, and infants. The clergy are
Benedictine monks.
PLACES OF WOESHIP. 137
ST. XICHOLAS', COPPERAS-HILL,
is a large and elegant Gothic building, measuring 84
feet 3 inches, b}' 62 feet 6 inches, in which a beautiful
painted window, designed by W. Pugin, Esq., has re-
cently been placed. It was erected by public subscrip-
tion, and has attached to it schools, in which are
educated, 2o0 boys, and 230 girls. A convent,
(formerly noticed,) in connexion with this chapel, is
in progress of erection, in Mount Vernon- street.
The clergy are secular.
ST. PATRICK'S, PAEK-PLACE, TOXTETH-PAEK.
is a spacious brick building, the expense of which
was defrayed by subscription, on condition that the
ground-floor be for ever free to the poor. The front
is ornamented by a well-executed figure of St. Patrick,
presented by James Bran cker, Esq., and the entrance
is from Doric porticos, at the north and south sides.
The schools educate about 450 children. The boys'
school is under the care of the religious brothers of
the christian schools. The clergy are secular
ST. ANTHOXY'S, IN SCOTLAXD-EOAD,
was erected in 1832, in place of a small chapel which
stood at the top of Drj- den-street; it is a brick build-
ing in the Gothic style, designed by Mr. Broadbent,
and cost in erection about £12,000. Its extreme
length from east to west is 15Sf feet, breadth 74 feet
and height 43^ feet. At the west end is a gallery- ex-
tending 29 feet into the body of the chapel supported
on cast iron pillars. The ceiling is so formed as to
exhibit a nave and side aisles, and is pannelled and
enriched with bosses at the intersections. The cha-
K
138 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
pel will accommodate 1700 persons, and has 500 free
seats. Attached to the building is a burying ground,
and there are also upwards of 700 vaults for single
interments, under the body of the chapel. The schools
will accommodate about 1200 children. The clergy
are secular.
ST. OSWALD'S, OLD SWAN,
is a handsome building in the old ecclesiastical style,
the arrangements of which are faithfully revived from
ancient authorities. The land on which it is erected
was presented by Edward Challinor, Esq., of Oak
Hill, and the funds for its erection were contributed
chiefly by the late C. R. Blundell, Esq., of Ince. The
clergy is secular.
ST. ANNE'S, CHATHAM-PLACE, EDGEHILL.
The first stone was laid on the 17th March, 1841. It
is intended to be erected, as a church, in the Gothic
style, and adjoining it, will be a convent for Nuns
of the order of Sisters of Mercy. A Magdalen
Asylum, for unfortunate females, will be erected at
Aigburth, in connexion with it. The clergy will be
Benedictine monks.
ST. FRANCIS XATIER'S
is intended to be erected in the prevailing style (Go-
thic,) in Salisbuiy-street. The ground is already
purchased. The clergy will be Jesuits.
CATHOLIC CHURCH.
THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY APOSTLES
is situated atthecorner of Catherine-street, and Duke-
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 139
Street This church, which has been already upwards
of two years in progress, is built of white stone, in
the florid Gothic style, with costly workmanship, and
it is intended to be cruciform. The choir will be
opened for service about the end of the present year,
and the nave, tower, &c., will be afterwards added.
The length of the entire building from east to west
will be 129 feet, and breadth 57 feet; the height of
the roof will be 60 feet inside, and the west window
will be 30 feet high, richly embellished. A spire will
be raised about 180 feet high, and the internal ar-
rangements of the building will be strictly in accord-
ance with old ecclesiastical architecture. The con-
gregation, at present, meet in Pilgrim -street.
ORIGIN- OF DISSENTERS IN LIVERPOOL.*
The dissenters in Liverpool are numerous, and
highly respectable whether considered as to station,
numbers, or character. It is probable that the ejec-
tion of the non-conformist ministers, in the reign of
Charles II, under the act of uniformity, laid the foun-
dation of the dissenting interest in this town, as it did
in many other parts of the kingdom. The Rev. John
Fog, of Liverpool, was among the ejected ministers,
and the Rev. Joseph Thompson, of Sefton, a member
of the University of Oxford, and the Rev. Thomas
Crompton, M.A., of Toxteth-park, were also of the
number. The original dissenting congregation in
Livei-pool, was a branch from the ancient chapel of
some note in the annals of non-conformity, situated
in the adjoining township of Toxteth-park. This
♦From " Baines' Lancashire."
140 PLACES OF WOKSHIP.
place -was in the hands of the non-conformists at the
time of passing the Bartholomew act, in 1662, and
the Rev. Thomas Crompton was the minister. Im-
mediately after the revolution in 1688, a chapel was
built in Castle Hey, now called Harrington-street,
which, in 1727, was removed to Benn's Gardens.
The original Baptist congregation was a branch of
a society at Hill Cliffe, near Warrington, which came
to Liverpool about the year 1700. In 1714, they
erected a chapel in Everton-road, where their burial
ground still remains.
The first Independent congregation was established
in 1777, at Newington chapel, Renshaw-street, and
was principally formed by seceders from Toxteth-
park, and Benn's Gardens chapels.
The Scotch Presbyterians were established in 1793,
and the Society of Friends since 1709. Methodism
has existed since it became a distinct religious sect ;
and the establishment of the Roman Catholics is co-
eval with the origin of the town itself.
INDEPENDENT CHAPELS.
GREAT GEORGE-STREET CHAPEL.
This beautiful edifice was erected from designs by
J. Franklin, Esq., on the site of the former spacious
chapel, which was destroyed by fire on the 19th
Februaiy, 1840. It was opened on 21st October,
1841 ; is built of free-stone, of the description com-
monly known as " Park -stone," and is 127 feet in
length, including the portico, and 66 feet in width.
There is pew-accommodation for 1750 persons, be-
PLACES OF WOESHIP. 141
sides the children's galleries. The site is at the junc-
tion of Great George-street, and Nelson- street, form-
ing an acute angle; for which the former chapel,
being a parallelogram, was obviously unsuitable.
The present building is placed several yards back-
wards, thereby giving space for a circular vestibule,
of 25 feet diameter, fronting Great George- street.
The principal elevation consists of a portico of ten
fluted columns of the Corinthian order, after the ele-
gant example of the temple of Jupiter Stator. The
height of the columns, including the plinth, base, and
capital, is 33 feet, the shaft being of one stone, a cir-
cumstance without precedent in this country. The
entire base of this front is approached by a flight of
steps corresponding in outline with the portico. The
columns are surmounted by an enriched entablature.
The circular part of the portico roof, is formed of
stone, in radiating courses, having moulded ribs and
terminals. Above this, is a continuation of the cir-
cular vestibule, the centre of which is enriched with
a continuous perforated quillochi to light the vesti-
bule. Above the cornice is a trussed springer for
the dome, which is pannelled and ribbed, and sur-
mounted by a carved finial. The flanks of the
building are decorated with pilasters, ten on each side,
with continued plinth and base-course, capitals, and
enriched entablature, corresponding with the front
elevation, these sides being terminated with an attic.
Between the pilasters are eighteen circular-headed
windows, with moulded architraves. The entrance
to the ground floor is through corridors leading from
the vestibule by a handsome double staircase, geo-
metrically constructed. There is a gallery' round the
142 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
vestibule, under which is placed a monument of
chaste design, opposite the entrance, in memory of
the Rev. Thomas Spencer. The ceiling of the
interior is panelled and enriched, with a circular
centre part, deeply sunk, under which hangs a mas.
sive chandelier, by which the whole of the gallery,
and middle portion of the ground floor are lighted
for evening service. The pulpit is of elaborate
design and executed in Dantzic oak. There is a
gallery round the four sides of the building, and
behind the pulpit is the organ, one of the largest in
the town, built by Mr. Hill, of London. The design
is elegant and greatly enriched. The corner towers
are composed of Corinthian columns, with gilt pipes
between, and the centre tower is three parts of a
circle, composed of gilt pipes fifteen feet high, under
a richly carved canopy ; and the whole instrument,
which is 25 feet high, is superbly carved and gilt .
The whole of the aisles are covered with Brussels
carpet. Below the chai>el are two spacious school-
rooms and a lecture-room, to accommodate 450
persons; also, a library, vestry, and other minor
apartments. A vestry at the rear of the building
presents a front of four Ionic columns, supporting an
entablature, the only relics of the former structure.
CRESCENT CHAPEL, EVERTON BROW,
is a handsome stone building with a portico of four
fluted Ionic columns, in antis, supporting a pediment
and cornice, and was opened on 23rd November, 1837.
It was built by the congregation formerly worshipping
at Bethesda chapel, Hotham-street, which was small
and inconvenient. The chapel has accommodation
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 143
for 1230 adults, and 260 children. Its extreme
length is 92 feet, and it is 65 feet wide. The cost of
the site and of the building was £9000. Architect,
Joseph Franklin, Esq.
NEWINGTON CHAPEL, REXSHAW-STEEET,
is a small brick building with a Gothic front. It
was the place of the short ministry of the Rev. Thos.
Spencer, a young man of extraordinary^ piety and
talent, at the time when a melancholy accident
deprived him of life, in 1811, shortly after the com-
mencement of the erection of Great George- street
chapel, which was intended for him.
HANOVER CHAPEL
is situated at the comer of Mill-street and Warwick-
street, and is a plain brick building, opened for
divine service on the 17th January, 1830.
The other Independent Chapels are plain in ap-
pearance, and do not require particular notice. They
are to be found in the appendix.
BAPTIST CHAPELS.
The handsomest belonging to this denomination is
PEMBROKE CHAPEL,
which was opened 3rd July, 1839, and is situated at
the comer of Pembroke-place and Crown- street.
The front elevation has a projecting portico of four
fluted Ionic columns, supporting a suitable pediment,
and the whole of the building is of white sandstone.
The interior, which is much admired for its con-
144 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
venience and simplicity of arrangement, is lighted by
two tiers of windows. A fine toned organ, the ease
of which harmonizes with the architectural arrange-
ment of the building, is placed in a gallery at the east
end, behind the pulpit. The number of sittings
amount to 1050, although 200 more may be added if
necessary, by altering the disposition of the aisles.
The cost of this edifice was about £9000, and the
architect, Joseph Franklin, Esq.
SOHO-STREET CHAPEL
is a neat and commodious building, recently erected
by the congregation formerly worshipping at Cock-
spur-street chapel.
BYEOM-STREET CHAPEL
is a commodious building, with seat room for 936
persons. It is the oldest belonging to the Baptist
denomination in Liverpool.
LIME-STREET CHAPEL
is an old brick building, with accommodation for
579 persons. This chapel has been purchased by the
Corporation, being in the line of projected improve-
ments, in consequence of which, it will shortly be
taken down, and a new one built in Hope-street.
SCOTCH SECESSION CHURCH,
situated at the corner of Great Orford- street, and
Mount Pleasant, is a plain and substantial structure
with stone front. The centre slightly recedes, and
the lower part consists of a portico with four Doric
PLACES OF AVOKSHIP. 145
columns, above which are the gallery windows. The
interior is well arranged, and instead of the usual
pulpit, there is a handsome platform formed by a con-
tinuation of the two stairs, supported on a massive
pillar. Over this, is a canopy hung with drapery,
and behind, it is painted in imitation of a circular
recess. The chapel was erected by the congregation,
formerly worshipping at Gloucester- street chapel,
from the design of Mr. S. Rowlands, at an expense of
£6441, and was opened 1st June, 1827. It will ac-
commodate 1200 persons.
WESLEYAN CHAPELS.
MOUNT PLEASANT CHAPEL
is a plain brick building near the bottom of the street,
with seat room for 680 persons.
PITT-STREET CHAPEL
is a spacious building, with a gallery of an oval form,
surrounding the interior. It has a neat organ of good
tone, and the pulpit, which is light, rests on fluted
columns. Its dimensions are 74 feet 8 inches, by 63
feet 8 inches, and it holds 1300 individuals.
BRUNSWICK CHAPEL,
in Moss-street, has a handsome stone front, with a
portico consisting of Ionic columns. It is of a horse-
shoe form, disposed in the form of an amphitheatre,
the seats rising as they recede from the pulpit. A
small gallery is appropriated to the organ, the choir,
and the children. The chapel will seat 1500 persons,
and is 335 feet in circumference.
146 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
WESLEY CHAPEL,
in Stanhope -street, Toxteth-parkj-was opened in 1827.
It has a stone front, and is surrounded by a spacious
burial ground. The interior will accommodate 1500
persons, and has an organ by Bewsher and Fleetwood
of this town.
GREAT HOMER.STREET CHAPEL,
is a handsome erection, with an elevation of the Gre-
cian style, which is capable of accommodating 1300
persons. It was opened in 1839.
The other chapels of this denomination being
buildings so plain as to require no description, will be
seen on reference to the list of places of worship in
the appendix.
WESLEYAN ASSOCIATION.
The principal chapel of this denomination is
PLEASAXT-STREET CHAPEL.
This is a spacious building of brick, with stone
ornaments and lacings, measuring 75 by 57 feet,
and capable of accommodating 1390 persons. It
was erected from the designs of Mr. Duckworth.
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION.
This denomination occupy a handsome chapel in
Park-place, connected with which are spacious school-
rooms ; and
hotha:m-street chapel,
(formerly called Bethesda,) which was purchased
PLACES OF WORSHIP. 147
from the Independent congregation, now removed to
Crescent Chapel, Everton.
Their other chapel is in Bevington-hill.
SEAMENS' CHURCH,
Rathbone-street, of the Independent Methodist de-
nomination, is a large brick building, with stone
ornaments, and an emblematical design, in relief, on
the front, erected in 1835, for the convenience of
seamen. It has accommodation for 1,000 persons,
and it measures 51 feet by 50 feet.
WELSH CHAPELS.
The chapels in which the service is regularly per-
formed in the Welsh language, are more numerous
in proportion to the Welsh population, than those
of any other description.
WELSH INDEPENDENT CHAPELS.
The oldest of this denomination is
THE TABERNACLE,
situated at the corner of Great Crosshall-street and
Marybone. It was erected in 1817, and measures
60 by 48 feet.
BETHEL,
in Bedford-street, Toxteth Park, was erected in 1837,
and is a neat brick building, with stone facings,
measuring 54 by 42 feet.
148 PLACES OF WORSHIP.
SALEM,
in Brownlow-hill, is a handsome cemented building,
measuring 57 by 45 feet, the interior of which is
conveniently and tastefully arranged. It was opened
in 1841.
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODISTS.
PALL MALL CHAPEL,
is the oldest Welsh place of worship in Liverpool,
and was built in 1787. It was afterwards rebuilt
in 1816, and measures 57 feet by 46§ feet.
EBENEZER CHAPEL,
Bedford-street, was originally built in 1805, and re-
built in 1840. It is the largest place belonging to
this body, and will accommodate about 2,000 persons.
The other chapels of this denomination are to be
found in the list of places of worship in the appendix.
WELSH WESLEYAX CHAPELS.
CHESTER-STREET CHAPEL
was opened in 1837, and has a neat front, with two
Doric porches,
BENN'S GARDEN CHAPEL,
which is at present occupied by this denomination,
was the property of the Renshaw- street Unitarian
congregation, who removed from it in 18] 1. It was
erected in 1727, for the convenience of part of the
congregation of Park chapel.
The Baptist and other Welsh chapels, being struc-
PLACES OF VOESHIP. 149
tures with no pretension to architectural design, it is,
perhaps, unnecessary to notice individually. They
will be found in the appendix.
UNITAEIAX CHAPELS.
PARADISE-STREET CHAPEL
is an octagonal brick building, surmounted by an
attic balustrade, and vases at the angles. Over the
centre of the building is an octagonal lantern, which
is a considerable ornament to the building. The
pulpit is ascended by a double staircase, and is sup-
ported on columns ; and the front of the galleries
afford a specimen of rich inlaying and Teneering
with different kinds of wood.
EENSHAW-STEEET CHAPEL,
is nearly opposite St. Andrew's church. It has a
stone front, is well arranged in the interior, and has
a large burial ground attached.
PARK CHAPEL,
in Park- road, near the Dingle, is the oldest Dissen-
ters' chapel in Liverpool or the neighbourhood,
having been occupied from the period of the act of
uniformity in 1662, when its minister was ejected
from the established church. It has frequently under-
gone extensive repairs.
THE FLOATING CHAPEL,
lies in the north west comer of King's Dock. It was
originally a merchantman of 800 tons burthen, and
loO PLACES OF WORSHIP.
now belongs to the Bethel Union, by whom it was
purchased for £940. It is fitted up with a gallery,
&c., in the form of a chapel, and will accommodate
from 500 to 600 persons. Service is performed by
the different dissenting ministers in the town, by
rotation.
FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE,
is situated in Hunter-street, and is a commodious
but exceedingly plain brick building, capable of
accommodating 2000 persons.
JEWS' SYNAGOGUE
in Seel-street, is a costly building with stone front,
having four three-quarter Ionic columns supporting
a pediment. Above the entrance is an inscription
in Hebrew, and the date of erection, a.m. 5568,
which, in the usual notation, is the year 1807. The
interior is elegantly fitted up, the gallery being
appropriated exclusively to ladies ; and at the north
end of the building within an enclosed space, is the
ark, containing the Law, &c.
The above description comprehends all the places
of worship which are deserving of particular notice.
For the convenience of visitors, a list of all the
places of worship in Liverpool and its neighbour-
hood, their ministers, and the hours of service, is given
in the appendix.
CEMETERIES.
Comparatively few of the places of worship have
burial grounds attached, but their place is supplied
by spacious cemeteries in different parts of the town
and neighbourhood.
ST. JAMES' CEMETERY
is situated between Upper Parliament-street, and
Duke-street, along the lower side of Hope-street.
It contains 44,000 square yards of ground, which was
originally a stone quarry, but was converted into a
cemetery, and consecrated on 12th Januarj', 1829.
The land was given for the purpose by the Corpora-
tion, and the sum of £20,000 was raised by sub-
scription to carry into effect the designs of a
committee of management. It has the appearance of
a narrow dell, the west side of which is covered with
rich foliage, and the east side is arranged in inclined
planes or terraces, cut from the solid rock, which,
being without wood, have a very bare appearance
The catacombs or vaults, 105 in number, are hewn
from the rock, and are entered from these terraces. The
lower part of the cemetery is studded with graves
tastefully arranged; and it is ornamented with
serpentine walks, and shrubberies filling up the
remainder ; causing this mournful habitation of the
King of terrors to have little of the gloominess which
generally characterizes the abodes of the dead.
The orator}^ is placed on the edge of a perpen-
dicular rock, at the north west corner, and is reached
from the lower part of the cemetery by a small
tunnel cut through the rock, leading to the platform
lo2 CEMETERIES.
on which the chapel is situated. It is a fine specimen
of the Grecian Doric architecture, and is a perfect
model of a Greek Hypasthral temple. It has a portico
at each end, consisting of a pediment supported by
six fluted columns, and is lighted from the roof.
The floor of the interior is of mosaic work, and
there are several well-executed busts ranged round
the building. Near the oratory, enclosed by a shrub-
bery, is the clergyman's house.
In the centre of the lower part of the cemetei-y is
a circular mausoleum, similar to the lantern of
Demosthenes, at Athens, consisting of a rustic
basement, supporting ten three-quarter Corinthian
columns, sunnounted by a cornice and dome. It
was erected by public subscription in memory of
William Huskisson, Esq., M.P., who was unfor-
tunately killed on the day of the opening of the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, on the 15th
September, 1830, by a locomotive engine passing
over his body. The light is admitted from near the
roof, and falls with effect on the statue of the lamen-
ted Huskisson within. The figure is standing erect,
habited in the Roman Toga, with the arms folded on
the breast. The artist has happily caught an ex-
pression of countenance which the senator frequently
exhibited, and has rejDresented it with feeling and
vigour. The mausoleum was erected by Messrs.
Tomkinson and Son, and the statue was executed by
our townsman, Mr. Gibson. Closer inspection of
the figure may be procured by obtaining the key
from the clerk, at the south end of the cemetery.
The number of interments at this cemetery during
1841, was 1074.
CEMETERIES. 153
THE NECEOPOLIS,
or " City of the dead," is a cemetery, opened in 182o,
at the corner of Derby and Everton Roads, Low-hill.
It was laid out from the design of Mr. Foster, at an
an outlay of £8,000, and is the property of a number
of proprietors. It occupies 24,000 square yards, and
is tastefully arranged, the graves being placed at the
north end, and beyond them, at the extremity of the
ground, is a railed and covered space, appropriated
to tombs with monumental tablets, &c. The house
of the resident minister, and the chapel, are of the
Grecian style of architecture, and separated by a
lofty gateway on massive columns, the design of Mr.
Foster. Parties interring are at liberty to avail them-
selves of the services of the resident chaplain, or of
their own minister, and to use their own form of
worship. During 1841, 1,797 burials took place here.
I
i ST. MAEYS CEMETERY,
I Kirkdale, covers three acres of ground, and has a
i handsome stone entrance, over which is the inscrip-
tion "St. Mary's Cemetery, A. D. 1837." "Mors
Janua VUcbP The architecture is Gothic, presenting
an extensive and highly ornamented fa9ade, finished
by a battlement and pinnacles. The chapel, the in-
terior of which is fitted up with oak carved work,
is on the north side, and the house of the minister is
on the south side of the entrance. Parties are at
liberty to employ their own form of service, and their
own minister, or to have the service performed by the
resident chaplain.
154 CEMETERIES.
PAROCHIAL CEMETERY.
In addition to that at St. Martin's church, there is a
large burial ground in St. Mary's-lane, Abercromby-
square, nearly opposite the Alms-houses, with a small
chapel attached.
JEWS' BURIAL GROUND
was formerly in Boundary-place, but a new and more
commodious cemetery was consecrated in September,
1837, in Deane-street, Kensington. It has a handsome
cemented entrance, with a portico having two fluted j
Doric columns, under which is an arched gateway.
OLD BURIAL GROUND, EVERTON ROAD,
nearly opposite the Necropolis, belongs to the Bap-
tists, and was used when they were excluded from
the parish grounds. It was the site of the first Bap-
tist chapel erected in Liverpool.
COMMERCIAL AND JOINT-STOCK
COMPANIES
are exceedingly numerous, but it will be necessary to
mention only a few of the most important.
THE RAILWAYS.
" In this wonder-working age/' says a writer in No.
96, of the Quarterly Review, " few greater improve-
ments have been made in any of the useful arts than
in those applied to the system of travelling on land.
Projectors and projects have multiplied with our
years, and the fairy -petted princes of the Arabian
Nights' Entertainments, were scarcely transported
from place to place with more facility or despatch
than Englishmen are in a.d. 1832. From Liverpool
to Manchester, thirty-six miles, in an hour and a
half !* Surely Doedalus is come amongst us again.''
The Railway Station is situated in Lime-street,
and occupies the whole of the space between
Gloucester-street and Lord Nelson-street. The front
elevation is a fagade of white freestone, 330 feet
in length, with thirty-six three-quarter Corinthian
columns, supporting a suitable entablature. The
ornaments are chaste and expressive, and relieve the
heaviness which would otherwise characterize so
extensive a range of building. The entrance is
formed by two large archways, and two other blank
doorways are added for the sake of uniformity.
* The journey is now performed in little more than an hour.
156 COMMERCIAL AND
Smaller doors form the entrance to the booking and
parcel offices. The total expense of this elegant
erection was £7000, £2000 of which was handsomely
granted by the Corporation; and it was built from
the design of John Foster, Esq.
Behind the fa9ade is a suite of spacious offices,
occupied by the Liverpool and Manchester, Grand
Junction, North Union, and other railway com-
panies. On entering the area, the feeling with which
the spectator is impressed, is that of the strength,
durability, completeness, aptitude and simplicity, of
almost every thing he sees ; and the order and re-
gularity preserved, strongly displays the importance
of method in such an establishment. The roof of the
area is 70 feet in span, supported on massive beams
and columns of iron, and lighted by numerous sky
lights. From this point passengers are conveyed
through a tunnel 2,230 yards in length, 25 feet in
width, and 17 feet in height, which terminates a
little above Edge-bill. At the Edge-hill station are
two powerful steam-engines which draw the train,
by means of an endless rope, up the tunnel from
Lime-street; the carriages going down the declivity
to Lime-street without any assistance. This tunnel,
which is for passengers only, was opened in 1836.
Merchandise conveyed by the railway is deposited
and received at the station, Wapping, near King's-
dock, whence a large tunnel proceeds to within a
short distance of the Edge-hill station, where the
passenger tunnel ends. The length of this tunnel is
2,2.50 yards, and it is 22 feet in width, and 16 feet
high, with a semicircular arch of 11 feet radius. It
terminates at a spacious area, sunk 40 feet below the
JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES. 157
level of the ground, at Edge-hill, across which is
stretched a Moorish arch, with towers on each side.
Below are the boilers and engine houses, the former
of which are used also for generating steam for the
engines at Edge-hill station, a few hundred yards
distant. A small tunnel proceeds from this area,
upwards to Crown-street, where cattle, pigs, sheep,
&c., are landed or shipped in the waggons. From
the period of the opening of the railway, the pas-
senger station was here, until the erection of the
more convenient offices in Lime-street.
Although it is unnecessary, in this work, to enter
into detail respecting the entire line, that having been
already done in the numerous Railway Guides pub-
lished in this and other towns ; yet it will not be out
of place to give a few of the leading events connected
with the establishment of this railway, which was the
first in the country, designed for the conveyance of
passengers, and which now proudly triumphs as the
great leader of a most important change in the na-
tional system of social communication.
The first meeting held for the proposal of establish-
ing the railroad, was on 20th May, 1824, and on the
29th October following, the first prospectus of the
undertaking was issued. In passing through par-
liament, the bill met with strenuous opposition from
the proprietors of the various canals, and from local
landowners, and it was ultimately lost in June, 1825.
The application to parliament was afterwards re-
newed, and it was carried, on 26th April, 1826, after
upwards of £70,000 had been expended in parliamen-
tary proceedings. The work now commenced with
spirit, under the superintendence of Mr. Stephenson,
I 158 COMMERCIAL AND
Engineer, and in Sept. 1826, the first shaft of the
tunnel was opened. In 1829, atrial of the respective
merits of several new locomotive engines was made,
when Mr. Stephenson's engine, the Rocket, was de-
clared the winner. On the 1st of January, 1830, a
line of rails was completed over the much-dreaded
Chat-moss, and on the 15th September, the same
year, this magnificent work of art was opened the
entire distance from Liverpool to Manchester, with
all the pomp and splendour, which titled visiters
and wealth were able to display. A deep gloom was
thrown over the jjroceedings of that eventful day, by
the melancholy accident which deprived the Right
Hon. Wm. Huskisson, Esq., M.P. for Liverpool, of
life. The circumstances are too well known to re-
quire detail. He was publicly interred in St. James'
cemetery, and a splendid mausoleum was erected to
his memory, as formerly noticed. A marble slab at
Parkside, marks the spot where the melancholy acci-
dent took place.
According to the statement of Mr. Pemberton, the
original cost of construction of the Liverpool and
Manchester Railway was £1,089,818 17s. 7d.
The amount of traffic on this railway is enormous,
and it yields the proprietors a profitable return.
The Grand Junction, and other railways, need not
be separately described, as they all unite with the
Manchester line, a considerable distance from Liver-
pool.
THE CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD RAILWAY
was opened in 1840. The terminus is at Grange-
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES. 159
lane, Birkenhead, whence passengers are conveyed
to Liverpool by steamers from Monks' Ferry. The
establishment is very comiilete, and in its arrange-
ments has profited considerably by the experience of
the earlier constructed railways. The booking-office
in Liverpool is at the corner of James-street.
LIVERPOOL AND HARRINGTON WATER-WORKS,
the principal office of which is in Hotham-street,
were established in 1800, for the purpose of supply-
ing the town with water. In 1826, an act was ob-
tained empowering them to extend their supplies to
the suburbs of Toxteth-park and Harrington. They
now have pipes and mains for the supply of water in
every part of the town, and spacious reservoirs at
various places, which are supplied by steam-engines
from several springs. A spacious reservoir, with
a steam-engine and forcing pumps, &.c., has recently
been erected in Lodge-lane, Windsor.
LIVERPOOL (BOOTLE) WATER-WORKS
was established in 1799. They supply the town and
shipping from springs at Bootle, a village about three
miles north of Liverpool. The water is conveyed to
the town, from reservoirs at the higher part of the
town, to which it is pumped by powerful engines at
the springs, through pipes 14 and 9 inches diameter.
The reservoirs of this company, in different parts of
the town, will contain about 5000 tons of water, and
the extent of mains laid, is upwards of ninety miles.
The principal office is in Manchester- street.
160 COMMERCIAL AND
LIVEEPOOL GAS-LIGHT COMPANY
was established in 1816, and was one of the earliest
provincial gas companies. The works are situated
in Dale-street and Vauxhall-road, the former building
being of neat brick with the motto, " Ex funio dare
lucent" inscribed under a Liver, at the front. The
mains of this company, the largest of which are a
foot in diameter, are upwards of 100 miles in length,
and convey gas to the suburbs, as far as Seaforth, the
Old Swan, Wavertree, and St. Michael's Hamlet,
Toxteth-park. The gas is retained in nine gas-
holders, four of sixty feet in diameter, and one of fifty-
five feet; and the others will contain 139,000 cubic
feet of gas. The gas works are at all times open to
strangers on obtaining an order from the office.
THE LIVERPOOL NEW GAS AND COKE COMPANY
was formerly the Oil-gas Company. They have ex-
tensive mains laid from their works at Leigh-bridge,
Vauxhall-road, to all parts of the town, and about
250 of the street lights at the docks are supplied by
this company. The office is in Queen's-square.
In the town of Liverpool, there are 2700 street
lamps and 350 at the docks ; and, during winter, there
is daily consumed not less than 1,000,000 cubic feet
of gas ; 650,000 feet of which is supplied by the for-
mer company.
THE BIRKENHEAD AND CLAUGHTON GAS AND
WATER COMPANY,
on 1st January, 1841, opened works at Birkenhead,
JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES. 161
for supplying that populous neighbourhood with gas.
The mains already laid are upwards of fourteen miles
in length, and extend as far south as Rock Ferry.
The gas-holder, in which the gas is retained, is 51 ft.
in diameter, and will hold 35,000 cubic feet of gas.
The company is at present engaged in opening the
first shaft in the stratum, where they expect to obtain
a supply of water.
THE APOTHECARIES' COMPANY
was established for the purpose of supplying medi-
cine, and drugs, both wholesale and retail, free from
adulteration. Their premises are in Colquitt-street,
and consist of a spacious building of a most elabor-
ate and unique design. The front is of freestone and
has four pilasters on the lower story, between which,
are the door and windows. Over each of them, are
two beautifully carved oxen, bearing a heavy pedestal.
Between the pedestals is a light balustrade, the whole
forming a balcony. On the four pedestals are colos-
sal figures of Galen, Hippocrates, Esculapius and
Hygeia. The upper part of the building is finished by
an enriched frieze and heavy dentilled cornice, with
an attic balustrade at the top. The interior is fitted
up in the same elaborate style as the exterior, with
light carving and gilding, and mahogany carvings in
the form of Sphynxes. The manufactory is behind,
and is of a most complete description. The design
was that of Messrs. Cunningham and Holme, and
the erection cost £20,000.
THE STEAM-TUG COMPANY,
are a joint-stock company, the proprietors of seven
162 COMMERCIAL & JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES.
powerful steamers, which are employed in towing
vessels in or out of port during contrary winds. Four
of these steamers are of one hundred horse-power
The office is at 5, New Quay, opposite Prince's
Dock.
THE ABBATOIE COMPANY.
The premises of this company are in Trowbridge-
street, Brownlow-hill, and consist of extensive public
slaughter houses, and places of accommodation for
cattle, pigs, &c., which were erected by a private
individual, assisted by the corporation, to prevent the
nuisance being spread over the town.
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
ST. JOHNS MARKET.
This extensive building is situated in Great Char-
lotte-street, near Clayton and Williamson Squares,
and was erected from the designs of Mr. Foster, in
1822. It is built of brick, and is 183 yards long, and
45 yards wide, enclosing an area of 8235 square
yards. The roof is light and in five ranges, with side
lights, supported on 116 slender cast-iron pillars
twenty-five feet high, and the building is divided into
five avenues, extending the entire length. It is
lighted by 136 windows, and has numerous entrances.
The walls are lined by shops, and the sides of the
different avenues are occupied by stalls, on which
are offered for sale provisions of every description.
The total number of shops, stalls, and standings,
amounts to 669, which, in 1840-41, realized the sum
of £5,344 to the corporation as rent. Below the
south-west end of the building are a number of store
cellars. On entering this market the stranger cannot
fail to be astonished at the magnitude and lightness
of this extensive building ; and at night, when lighted
by gas, it presents a brilliant appearance. It is
closed at eight o'clock every evening, except Wednes-
days and Saturdays, when it is open till ten.
ST. JOHN'S FISH MAEKET
is situated on the opposite side of Great Charlotte -
street, and was opened on 8th February, 1837. It
contains nineteen commodious shojDS, fifty- six stalls,
164 PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
and twenty-two vaults underneath. The building
has a handsome front which is rather elevated above
the level of the street, and is entered by two flights
of steps. It is entirely appropriated to the sale of
fish, and the tables of the principal stalls are of white
marble. The regulations regarding cleanliness are
strictly enforced by the market constables, and from
the lofty and airy construction of the building, the
nerves of the most delicate need not be off"euded on
entering this market.
THE PEDLEES' MARKET,
in Elliot-Street, opposite the end of St. John's mar-
ket, is appropriated to the sale of crockery -ware,
baskets, shoes, pedlery,&c. It is of similar construc-
tion to those already described, but considerably
narrower.
ST. JAMES" MAEKET
is situated at the south end of Great George-street,
near St. James' church. It was erected by the cor-
poration at an expense of £13,662, and has recently
been considerably enlarged. Its internal arrange-
ment is similar to that of St. John's market, and it
is appropriated to the sale of all kinds of pi'ovisions,
butcher's meat, vegetables and fruits. The rent of
the stalls in 1841, amounted to £1735.
ST. MAETIX'S MAEKET,
situated between Scotland-road and Bevington-bush,
was erected from Mr. Foster's designs, and opened in
1831 , the cost of erection having been £13,000. It is
213 feet long and 135 feet wide, and divided into
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS. 165
five compartments, with a lofty roof supported on
cast iron pillars. The stalls are arranged so as to form
a principal, and two smaller avenues at each side.
The principal elevations in Scotland-road and Bev-
ington-bush are of stone, in the Grecian-Doric style
of architecture. The centre part forms a portico,
which consists of four Doric columns supj)ortiug a
pediment with an entablature and cornice. The en-
trances are approached by broad flights of steps.
THE HAY-MARKETS.
The hay-market was formerly held in Lime-street,
but in 1841 it was removed to Crown-street, at the
south end of the town, and Great Homer-street at
the north. As the south hay -market, which occupies
the site of the old Botanic Garden, is not sufficiently
frequented, it is contemplated to remove it to a more
central neighbourhood.
THE CATTLE MARKET
is at the Old Swan ; Monday is the market day.
Other markets are held at Islington, Pownall-
square, Cleveland square, &c., which are partly cov-
ered in.
A spacious general market is now in course of erec-
tion in Gill street.
The market days in Liverpool are Wednesdays and
Saturdays, but every day the markets are well sup-
plied. All the markets are the property of the
Corporation, who derive from them an annual gross
rental of £11,000.
166 PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
THE AECADE
enters from Newington, and is parallel with Bold-
street. It was erected by a company of proprietors,
and has a number of neat shops on one side, but the
situation has caused it to be a complete failure.
The new arcade near St. Luke's Church is a much
more handsome affair, but it extends as yet only a
few shops in length.
THE CORPORATION BATHS
were erected from Mr. Foster's designs at an expense
of £30,763. They are situated between George's
Dock and the river; are 239 feet in length, and 87
feet wide. The centre part of the principal elevation
projects, and on each side is a colonnade, formed by
coupled columns, eighty-six feet in length, and eight
feet wide. The gentlemen's baths are at the north
end. The principal bath is forty-five feet long by
twenty-seven feet wide, provided with numerous
comfortable dressing-rooms. Private tepid, vapour,
and shower-baths, are adjoining. The ladies' baths
are similarly arranged, at the south end of the
building. The water is received from the river, and
filtered till it is perfectly free from impurities, and a
fresh supply is constantly flowing into the baths.
The charges are very moderate.
THE FLOATING BATH
is in Summer moored opposite Prince's Pier, and
two boats are constantly plying between it and the
shore with visitors. It was launched in 1816. The
centre part is a large gentlemen's swimming bath,
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS. 167
with numerous dressing-rooms attached, and on the
deck above is a delightful promenade. The charge,
including the boat to and from the bath, is only
sixpence.
THE COEPORATION WASH-HOUSE AND BATHS,
were opened in June, 1842, and are situated in Upper
Frederick- street, a little above St. Thomas' church.
It is a convenient brick building, with a large reser-
voir and boilers attached, fitted up with numerous
apartments, in which are warm, cold, and shower
baths, both private and public. The lower part of
the building, and out-house, are occupied as wash-
houses, and have large troughs with sloping sides,
divided into compartments, ranged round the walls,
as well as others in the centre of the room. Into
these hot and cold water is admitted by pipes. The
scale of charges is, for a warm bath, 2d.; private
ditto, 6d. ; and for the use of tubs, water, and drying
in the wash-hbuse. Id. for not more than six hours;
and it is expected that these extremely moderate
rates, will induce the jioorer classes to exercise the
virtue of cleanliness, which is so essential to health.
The hours of admission for men, are Tuesday, Wed-
nesday, and Saturday, from six to nine, a.m., and
six to nine, p.m.; Thursday, six to nine, p.m.; Sun-
day, six to eight, a.m. For women, Tuesday, Wed-
nesday, and Saturday, from ten, a.m., to two, p.m.,
and four to five, p.m. ; and on Friday, ten, a.m. to
five, p.m.
MEDICATED AND VAPOUR BATHS.
Of these there are several. The principal are the
168 PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
Victoria baths in Cases-street, Clayton-square, Great
George-street baths, and Whitlaw's medicated baths
in Renshaw- street.
BATHING MACHINES.
On the beach at the north shore, and at several of
the ferries in Cheshire, there are bathing machines,
for the convenience of those who prefer bathing in
the open sea. They are only to be had during the
flow of the tide, or about high water, as it is unsafe
to bathe on the open beach of the Mersey when the
tide is ebbing.
THE BARRACKS,
(formerly a private house,) are situated at the bottom
of Duke-street.
HOTELS, &c.
The hotel accommodation of Liverpool is very ample,
as those of the first-class and better description
amount to nearly a hundred. Good Inns are to be
found in the neighbourhood of the railway-stations
and coach-oflices.
■ There are also excellent commercial and private
boarding-houses in various parts of the town, which
have a very respectable character.
A list of the principal Inns is given in the ap-
pendix.
In the neighbourhood of the Exchange, there are
numerous dining and coffee-rooms, and restaurants,
as welJ as those attached to the hotels, where indi-
viduals may provide themselves at a moderate rate.
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS. 169
with any meal, without having the trouble to pro-
ceed to their lodgings.
CONVEYAXCES, &c.
of all kinds are very numerous. Omnibuses run at
all hours to the suburbs from the neighbourhood of
the Exchange, and from the principal hotels to the
railway station, and the steamers. The hours of
starting are given in the appendix.
Coaches, Cars and Cabs are to be had at a reason-
able rate at any of the car stands and livery stables.
The list of coach fares, &c., is in the appendix.
Luggage Porters are not numerous in Liverpool, it
being generally cheaper, as well as more agreeable to
hire a car than to engage a porter, if luggage is to be
conveyed any distance. Porters are to be found
principally in the neighbourhood of the docks, but
the stranger must be on his guard against imposition.
PLACES OF
RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT.
THE BOTANIC GARDEN,
is situated in Edge-lane, about half a mile beyond
Edgehill church. It is the property of a company of
proprietors, who have arranged with the corporation
for gratuitous admission to the public on Mondays
and Fridays, from one to eight p.m. Strangers are
at other times admitted gratuitously, by an order from
a proprietor, or on payment of one shilling, between
the hours six a.m. and nine p.m. The Botanic Gar-
den was originally in Oxford- street, but the increase
of buildings in the neighbourhood, rendered a new
site necessary. The present premises occupy eleven
statute acres, and are tastefully arranged. The con-
servatory which is 240 feet in length, contains many
rare botanical specimens. The entrance lodge is
built of stone in the chaste Grecian st}le of architec-
ture.
THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN,
was opened on 27th May, 1833, and is the sole pro-
perty of Mr. Atkins, who formerly possessed an ex-
cellent travelling menagerie. They are delightfully
situated on a plot of ground singularly irregular, in
Derby-road, a little beyond the Necropolis, and cover
upwards of ten acres. No expense has been spared
by the spirited proprietor in the arrangement and
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 171
construction of the establishment. Nothing has been
omitted in the way of ornament ; the trees, the shrubs,
the flowers, are manifold in their varieties, and group-
ed with judgment; and the rustic and playful designs
of the houses and enclosures of the animals, add
much to the picturesque effect. The collection of
animals is very extensive, and constant additions are
made to the already valuable stock; as the position
of Liverpool, as a sea port, gives the proprietor great
advantages over inland towns, in making his selec-
tions. To give a list, even of the most interesting
animals, would be impossible in this work; the
stranger can only appreciate their interest after hav-
ing visited the establishment. The gardens acquire
additional interest from the fetes and galas which are
frequently given during the summer season. Impos-
ing representations of Mount Vesuvius and St. Jean
D'Acre, accompanied by pyrotechnic displays, formed
the i^rincipal attraction during the last seasons. The
season of 1842 opened with a scene of still greater
magnificence, representing the city of Rome on the
night of the grand festival of St. Peter. In front of
the spectator, who is kept at a distance by a sheet of
water, the bridge of St. Angelo spans the river Tiber
which is crowded with vessels. On the right is the
tower of St. Angelo, and in the back ground the vast
edifice of St. Peter's, towering above the city. The
Vatican andPontificial palace are conspicious objects;
and even when viewed by day light, the scene has all
the appearance of reality. As evening closes in, St.
Peter's and the habitations in the city are illuminated,
and every detail of that cAe/fZ'ojMire of modern archi-
tecture shines forth in lines of light. The display of
PLACES OF EECREATIOX
fireworks produces a gorgeous effect; but it must be
seen to form an idea of its splendour. The gardens
are open from nine in the morning till dark, and the
charge for admission is one shilling.
PUBLIC PARKS.
The construction of Public Parks in the neighbour-
hood of the town was agitated in the town council
for a considerable period, and a committee was
chosen to make the necessary arrangements; but the
difficulty of procuring a proper situation, and the
diversity of opinion as to its utility, have for the
present caused the project to be laid aside. Since
the plan was relinquished, Richard Vaughan Yates,
Esq., has in the most public- spirited manner, pur-
chased, at an expense of £47,000, from the Earl of
Sefton, forty-three acres of land in the vicinity of the
Dingle, Toxteth Park, two-thirds of which are to be
immediately converted into a public park, and the
remainder is to be appropriated as sites for villas.
The Earl of Sefton has generously contributed £1000
towards the expense of laying out the grounds.
The property is dehghtfully situated; and the
inhabitants of Liverpool will thus, tlirough the muni-
ficence of Mr. Yates, in a short time, enjoy all the
advantages of a public park, without any expenditui'e
of the public money.
THE DINGLE
is a sweet romantic dell, in the neighbourhood of the
above, and is the property of Joseph Brooks Yates,
Esq., who in the most generous manner opens it to
the public on Wednesdays and Thursdays, from
AND AMUSEMENT. 173
twelve to eight p.m., during the summer. It is a
delightful retreat, extending to the river, having all
the diversity of hill and dale, wood and grove, taste-
fully laid out in shady and winding walks, with
numerous arbours and rustic seats. Few persons in
Liverpool are aware of the beauty of this romantic
spot, which is certainly a rare acquisition for the
neighbourhood of a large town. Admission is
gratuitous, visitors being only required to enter their
names in a book at the lodge, to prevent improper
persons gaining access to the grounds. The Dingle,
in Park-road, is two miles from the Exchange, and
is passed by an omnibus from town eight times a
day.
ST. JAMES' WALK
is a pleasant promenade beside St. James' Cemetery,
at the top of Duke street, with an extensive shrub-
bery attached to it, which is at all times open to the
public. It was erected during a period of public
distress, about the year 1767, at the expense of the
Corporation, who in this way afforded work to many
individuals who were unemployed. On an elevated
part of the grounds is a neat stuccoed building,
formerly an observatory, now fitted up with apparatus
for taking photogenic portraits. The specimens of
this description of likenesses taken by the action of
light on a prepared metallic plate, are worthy of
examination, and will be readily shewn by the
proprietors of the establishment.
One or two humorous anecdotes connected with
this garden, shew that the Mount has contributed in-
directly as well as directly, to the amusement of the
J 74 PLACES OF EECEEATIOX
inhabitants. The place was at first known as
" Quarry Hill," but, on its being ornamented, it re-
ceived, with the sanction of the civic dignitaries, the
appellation of " Mount Zion.'' This name was the
source of annoyance to a certain class of individuals,
and as is usual in such cases, poetical satire became
the channel by which they expressed their sentiments.
Among several other effusions, the following lines,
part of a long poem, ascribed to a Welsh clergyman,
were the means of causing its name to be altered: —
Fond of impiety, behold a shrine
They've dedicated to the God of wine,
And to excite our admiration more,
See " Bottled Beer " recorded on the door !
But thou who hear' St the poor man's prayer,
Protect the innocent, and guard the fair,
And if thou can'st forgive, forgive tlie Mayor.
The Rooks of the Mount Gardens have been long
known as a kind of interesting curiosity, as they had
taken up their abode among the dwellings of men.
Their history, like that of many families, which have
been equally looked up to, is hallowed by a legend
which accounts for their origin ; like many such tales
it is at once marvellous and apocryphal. It is said
that a certain gentleman who took great delight in
walking in the gardens early in the morning, once
upon a time, spied a magpie and his lady perched on
one of the trees, enjoying sweet converse among the
leafy boughs. Though unacquainted with the lan-
guage of birds he saw enough to convince him that
they were conversing on the important subject of a
future location. The result showed that they came
to the conclusion, that they might fly further and
fare worse, for they forthwith commenced building
a nest. A bright thought struck the gentleman, which
AND AMUSEMENT. 175
was the parent of a resolve, and that resolve was, that
the magpies should become the parents of a rookery.
He forthwith substituted rook's eggs for those of the
magpie; and, in due time, the spurious brood came
forth. Both foster parents performed the duties of
father and mother with affectionate zeal, and thus
became the founders of the colony. The poor mag-
pies dreamt not of the future, and knew not the
destiny of their illustrious family.
THEATRES.
THE THEATRE ROYAL,
in Williamson-square, is the only patent theatre in
Liverpool, and therefore the only one in which the
legitimate drama can be performed. It has a semi -
circular stone front, with a rusticated basement, and
the upper story is ornamented by coupled Ionic pil-
asters, bas-reliefs, &c. It was erected in 1772, at an
expense of £6000, and has had additions subsequently
made to it. The interior is very commodious, ele-
gantly finished, and well adapted to the purpose for
which it is intended. The present conductors are
Messrs. J. H. Anderson, (the " Wizard of the North,")
and J. Hammond, by whom the Metropolitan sys-
tem of half -'price has been adopted. Connected with
the early history of this theatre is an incident, which,
at the period of its occurrence, produced a great im-
pression on the public mind. On the 2nd August,
1798, during the play of " The Stranger," Mr. John
Palmer, of the London stage, suddenly dropped down
and expired after having uttered the words; —
" There is anothei- and a better world."
176 PLACES OF RECREATION
The spectators thinking that it was an incident in the
play felt no alarm. The body was removed from the
stage, but all attempts to restore animation were
fruitless. When the announcement was made, an
intense sensation, which it is impossible to describe,
prevaded the audience, who slowly and silently re-
tired. A few days after the interment a benefit was
given for the widow and family, the prologue of the
play having been written for tlie occasion by Mr.
Roscoe. By this means upwards of £400 was col-
lected in a single evening.
THE LIVER THEATRE,
is a small, but well arranged, and appropriately de
corated building in Church-street, conducted by Mr
Raymond and a respectable company of performers
During the winter months, this establishment pre
sents a great variety of attractions, and is a formida
ble rival to the Theatre Royal.
THE AMPHITHEATRE,
is the largest building of this description, and is open
during the winter months for the performance of
equestrian feats, jjantomines, &c. The building, in-
cluding the circle, which is very commodious, has
frequently contained nearly oOOO persons, when
assembled at a public meeting. It is situated in
Great Charlotte- street, opposite St John's Market.
THE WELLINGTON ROOMS
were erected in 1815, by subscription, according to
the design of Mr. Edmund Aikin, of London, for the
purpose of holding public assemblies, balls, &c. The
building is situated at the corner of Mount Pleasant
and Great Orford-street, and it has a stone front
AND AMUSEMENT. 177
without windows. The centre has a circular portico
supported by four Corinthian columns. The interior
is tastefully arranged, and contains a ball-room, 80
feet by 37 feet ; a card-room 41 feet by 2d feet; a sup-
per-room 50 feet by 25 feet, and other apartments.
THE KOTUXDA
is a circvdar building situated in Bold- street, near
the Lycaeum, elegantly fitted up as a billiard and
club-room, and frequented by a select number of
subscribers of the higher class of society.
THE PALATINE CLUB-HOUSE
is on the same side of Bold-street, a little higher up.
Its interior is finished in a superior style, and it is
conducted on the plan of some of the numerous clubs
of the metropolis, and frequented by the most
fashionable circles.
THE EACE-COURSE.
Although Aintree Race-course is five miles distant
from the town, it still claims a place under the head
of Liverpool Amusements. The Maghull Race-course,
seven miles from Liverpool, was projected by the late
Mr. Francis Bretherton, and on tlie 25th July, 1827,
the first Liverpool races were run on that course.
It subsequently passed into the hands of a committee,
but on the opening of Aintree Race-course, shortly
afterwards, its popularity declined, till it was finally
deserted, and rich crops of corn now wave on the
spot once marked by all the fun, frolic, dissipation
and extravagance of a race meeting. The funds
necessary for the establishment of Aintree Race-
178 PLACES OF EECEEATION
course were provided by the munificence of Mr.
Lynn, who had warmly supported Maghull course,
till its affairs were mismanaged. A short time ago
he disposed of a portion of the concern in shares of
£25 each, to proprietors, who have free admission to
the grand stand. The grand stand has ample accom-
modation, the course is convenient, the ground is well
chosen, and the races are well attended. Aintree
(or Liverpool,) races are run in July and September,
and the Steeple Chase is in March.
ST. GEORGE'S HALL.
This building will form the centre part of the splen-
did structure of the new Assize Courts, described in
the early part of this volume. As regards the in-
terior, St. George's Hall, measuring 161 by 75 feet,
will be further extended along the upper part of its
sides, by a series of recesses 13 feet deep, covering
over the corridors which surround this part of the
interior, and both separate it from, and connect it
with the law courts. On the west side of the hall
the light will be admitted laterally, through windows
witliin these recesses, and on the opposite one through
small domes, one in each recess. During the assizes
this spacious hall will be open to the p\iblic, as the
approach to both courts ; at other times it will be
appropriated at the discretion of the council to public
or private meetings.
THE EXHIBITION ROOMS,
are situated in Post-office Place, Church- street. In
these apartments there is held an annual exhibition
of paintings during the autumn months ; and through-
AND AMUSEMENT. 179
out the season there are frequently collections of
paintings, engravings, &c., exhibited here.
PLACES OF MEETING, &c.
THE MUSIC-HALL,
Bold- street, entering from Concert-street, is a spa-
cious apartment, much used for holding public meet-
ings, soirees, &.c.
THE ROYAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS
are situated in Great George- street, and were, until
lately, called the Templars'-hall. The apartments
are used for balls, lectures, &c. The building has a
neat front of stuccoed brickwork.
THE NELSON ASSEMBLY ROOM,
formerly called the Hall of Science, was erected and
occupied by the Socialists, until the period of their
extinction in Liverpool, a few months ago, when it
was purchased by a building-society, and is now ad-
vertised to be let for any moral and legal purpose,
and is licensed as a place of public worship. It is a
large, plain brick building, with cemented front,
and numerous apartments, situated in Lord Nelson-
street.
THE PORTICO,
Newington, is a small building erected for a pano-
ramic exhibition, but now made use of as a concert
or lecture room.
During the winter season, concerts, soirees musi-
cales, and other musical entertainments, are to be
180 PLACES OF EECREATION.
met with at one or other of these rooms, nearly every
evening. In summer they are less frequent.
GYMNASIUMS.
That of Mr. Huguenin in Cook-street, and Mr. Har-
rison in Colquitt-street, are worthy of inspection.
The former is very commodious, and is fitted up with
a more complete and extensive set of gymnastic ap-
paratus, than any other establishment in the king-
dom. It is open at all hours of the day, and the
proprietor permits visitors to inspect his premises.
THE CHURCH-STREET BAZAAR,
the property of Messrs. Promoli and Hausburg,
shews the rapid strides which wealth, and its atten-
dant desire for the luxuries, elegancies, and refined
necessaries of life, have made in this great commer-
cial town. The front of the shop measures 60 feet,
and it extends backwards 125 feet. Within this
immense sjjace, and in three stories of the building,
are ranged on marble slabs and pedestals, with a
great degree of taste and care, a magnificent and
costly stock of every description of manufactured
articles from all parts of the world. To describe the
variety of articles exposed would be impossible j
every description of clocks and watches, jewellery,
antique urns, vases, casts, writing-desks, and costly
articles of furniture and luxury constantly meet the
eye. The proprietors invite the visit of strangers,
who receive polite attention from the assistants, and
are shewn through the entire premises, without it
being expected of them to make a purchase.
AND AMUSEMENT.
181
^- "% "i n_
THE COALBEOOKDALE IRON WAREHOUSE,
is a handsome building in James'-street, with a stone
front in the Grecian style. The splendid show rooms
of this establishment are, at all times, open to visitors,
who will be interested by the extent of the premises,
and the beautiful specimens of iron manufacture.
Chimney and table ornaments, casts, vases, chande-
liers, ornamental tables, grates, fenders, fire-irons,
and articles of taste and elegance, are here displayed.
The upper rooms, about twelve in number, contain
a vast variety of the more common cast-iron articles.
The visitor is lost among the endless ranges of fire
grates and stoves, beds, garden chairs, pans, boilers,
&c., thousands of which are piled up together. The
works are at Coalbrookdale, in Shropshire.
MANUFACTURES.
Liverpool is not to any great extent a manufactur-
ing town, and the few manufactures which do exist,
are incidental to the traffic of the port, or arise from
the domestic necessities of its large population.
The most important are the Steam-engine and
Boiler Manufactories. The following description of
Messrs. Fawcett and Preston's establishment* which
is the largest in this neighbourhood, will be suflBicient
to give an idea of the other numerous engineering
works.
MESSRS. FAWCETT AND PRESTONS WORKS,
are situated in York-street, and cover a very exten-
sive piece of ground. The principal object of this
establishment is the construction of marine and other
steam-engines, mill machinery, pieces of ordnance,
&c. One department is devoted to the founding and
boring of cannon. The guns are cast solid and after-
wards bored, the cannon revolving horizontally on
the boring machine, which gradually moves forward
as the work proceeds. The operation is repeated till
the aperture is of sufficient calibre ; and the bore
produced is as true and smooth as that of a rifle.
In the Foundry department, castings are made, the
single pieces of which frequently weigh twenty tons.
The detail of operations is similar to that adopted in
smaller estabhshments.
* Abridged from the Standard.
MANUFACTURES. 183
The Smithy is one of the most extensive portions
of the building. With the exception of the largest
marine shafts, which are made at the Mersey Iron
Works, all the malleable iron is worked on the pre-
mises. The dusky visages of the athletic workmen,
the incessant hammering, and the constant roaring
of the fires, remind the visitor of the description of
the workshop of the Cyclops. Here, however, " bolts,"
are " forged," of which neither Jove nor his armourer,
Vulcan, could have formed any notion.
In the Planing-machine room, are a number of
machines, for planing and smoothing metal plates
with mathematical accuracy. That the machine is
nearly perfect is shown by the fact of two plates ad-
hering when their surfaces have been smoothed by
this apparatus.
In the Turning room are powerful lathes in which
steam-engine shafts, cylinders, &c., are turned. The
shafts of the President (steamer,) which weighed ten
tons each, were manufactured here. Another de-
scription of lathe is employed in turning the tops or
lids of the cylinders, and has turned the cylinder tops
of the same vessel's engines, 80 inches in diameter.
The Pattern Makers' and "Fitting-up" shops are
interesting on account of their magnitude.
In the Model room are hundreds of models of all
possible parts of machines, many of which are of
great value.
In the spacious sheds there are generally several
powerful engines in the course of erection, and some
of the largest ever manufactured have been produced
from these premises. The frame work of the larger
description of engines is most stupendous, and is
184 MANUFACTURES.
generally of elegant architectural design, and is fre-
quently of such magnitude as strongly to resemble a
handsome Gothic church. Some of the dimensions
of the engines of the ill-fated President will show
what has been executed at their works : — Diameter
of Cylinder 80 inches ; Stroke of Engine 7 feet 6 in-
ches; Weight of Cylinders 11 tons; Beams, (four of
them) upwards of 5 tons each; Condensers about
10 tons; Gothic Pillars, (four pairs) each 11 tons 7
cwt.; Paddle shaft 9 tons; Boilers, each, .30 tons;
Two Bed Plates, each in one casting, lo tons.
The hoisting tackle used in setting up these engines
is worthy of notice. By means of scaffolds and rail-
ways, any portion of a machine may be lowered per-
pendicularly over any spot of the building.
Not the least interesting department of their works
is that appropriated to the boiler-making, situated
in Oil-street. The plates of which the boilers are*
composed are rivetted together by red hot bolts which,
by contracting when cold, draw the plates together
with a force that could not otherwise be obtained.
The whole establishment, at which upwards of
700 men are employed, is a world of mechanism in
itself; and a visit to the extensive works, when per-
mitted by the kindness of the proprietors, is one of
the most interesting that can be well imagined.
The premises of Messrs. Forrester and Co., at Vaux-
hall Foundry, and the Clarence Foundry belonging
to Messrs. E. Bury and Co., as well as the works of
Messrs. Mather, Dixon, and Co., are also very exten-
sive. At the former were manufactured the engines
for the steam-frigate " Guadaloupe," launched 12th
April, 1842.
MANUTACTUEES. 185
THE MERSEY lEOX AND STEEL VORKS,
are situated at the south end of the town beside Har-
rington Dock. In these works old and scrap iron is
forged into bars, shafts, &c. and a considerable quan-
tity of steel is manufactured. In the former process
huge hammers worked by steam are employed, which
eflFectually unite the masses of heated metal. The
largest piece of malleable iron manufactured at these
works was a paddle shaft for the Great Western
Steam Ship Company, Bristol, measuring 17 feet 6
inches in length, and 7 feet in circumference ; and
weighing 15 tons, 15 cwt., 2 qrs-, and 20 lbs. The
two crank pins for the same engine were the largest
ever constructed, and together weighed 3 tons.
MR. LAIRDS' IRON SHIP- BUILDING YARD,
AND PATENT SLIP,
are situated in North Birkenhead, Cheshire. From
these extensive premises have been launched, nearly
all the large iron steamers that have already been
constructed. The Guadaloupe, a steam frigate of
800 tons, launched on 1 2th April 1842, is the eighth
iron war-vessel which 3Ir. Laird has built j they all
carry pivot guns, fore and aft. Four of them, the
Nemesis, Phlegethon, Ariadne, and Medusa, are at
present in the China seas, and have proved the utility
of iron vessels for naval purposes. The Guadaloupe,
(with the exception of the Hindostau, launched a few
days afterwards,) is the only large vessel of war,
which has been built in this port since the "Havannah"
Frigate in 1809. Her dimensions are, length on deck
190 feet; beam 30 feet; and slie will carry two
sixt}-eight pounder pivot guns, one fore and one aft.
186 MAXUFACTUEES.
A visit to these works, is as interesting as any that
can be obtained in the neighbourhood of the town.
The Patent Slip is used for the purpose of hoisting
vessels out of the water, and affording all the advan-
tages of a graving-dock, without the loss of time
caused by docking and undocking.
MESSES. WILSON AND COS SHIP BUILDING YARDS.
On this side of the river, near Clarence Dock, are the
ship building yards of Messrs. Wilson and Co., whence
several large iron as well as wooden steam-ships
have been launched. By these gentlemen were built
the Oriental steamer, now carrying the mails be-
tween this country and Egypt, and the Hindostan,
launched April 26th, of the present year, which will
be fitted out as a vessel of war, with sixty-four
pounders. Her dimensions are, length of keel 230
feet; length from tafFrail to figure-head 250 feet;
breadth of beam, exclusive of paddle-boxes 39 feet ;
depth of hold from the upper deck 30§ feet ; burden
2,000 tons ; power of engines 500 horse.
There are a number of anchor-smiths and chain-
cable manufacturers, as there is a good demand for
such articles in the port.
There is only one Cotton Factory in Liverpool.
Tt is a ver}^ extensive building, in which the spinning
department is carried on, situated on the canal bank,
at the north end of the town.
Soap Manufactories are numerous, and exceed
those of the metropolis, or any other provincial town.
Albion Oil Mills. — In these mills, which are
situated in Pembroke- street, powerful machinery is
MANUFACTUEES. 187
employed for compressing oil from seeds, by means
of stamping engines, rollers, &c.
The Oil Mills of Messrs. Earle and Carter, Oil-
street, are also of considerable extent.
There are several Veneer Mills in different parts
of the town, where the finer descriptions of wood are
cut by circular saws, into boards almost as thin as a
shaving. The steam saw mills, of which there are
four or five, are worthy of notice.
The principal remaining manufactures, are those of
glass at the Olive Mount bottle-glass works; sugar-
refining; ship-bread baking, by machinery; comb-
making, coach-building, fringe -making; brewing and
distilling; oi'gan-building ; printing of paper-hang-
ings; and the manufacture of files, tools, watches
and their movements.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF
EMINENT PERSONS,
CONNECTED WITH LIVERPOOL EITHER BY BIRTH 01
RESIDENCE.*
Sir Wm. De La More was created a knight ban-
neret by Edward the Black Prince, for his valour at
Poictiers. Thomas De La More was twelve times
chosen mayor of Liverpool, towards the close of the
14th century, an office which was afterwards held by
ten or twelve branches of the same family. The re-
nowned ballad of the " Dragon of Wantley," had its
origin in one of the Mores of this family.
Jeremiah HoRRox,a celebrated astronomer, was
bom at Lower-lodge, Toxteth-park, in 1619. At an
early age he manifested a desire to become acquaint-
ed with the science of astronomy, and in 1633 he en-
tered Emanuel College, Cambridge, where he became
acquainted with Wm. Crabtree, of Manchester, who
was engaged in similar pursuits. The genius of
Horrox overcame every obstacle which poverty and
other circumstances threw in his way, and on the 24th
Nov. 1639 he made an observation of a transit of Ve-
nus, which, from his own calculation, he ascertained
would then occur. Part of the works of Horrox
*The eai-lier part of these sketches is collected from " Smithers
Commerce and Statistics of Liverpool."
EMINENT PEESONS. 189
have been collected by his biographer, Dr. Wallis, a
copy of which is now deposited in the Athenasum
library. Sir Isaac Newton made use of Horrox's
" Lun» Theoria Nova,'' or new theory of Lunar ob-
servations, and held his talents in high estimation.
In a letter written by Newton, dated 2oth May, 1672,
he says " the world will enjoy the writings of the ex-
cellent astronomers Horrox and Helvetius." He was
cut off by the hand of death in 1641, at the early age
of twenty -two.
Edward Rushton was born in John-street, Liver-
pool, on the 13th November, 1756, and at the early
age of six years commenced his education at the free
school of Liverpool. A desire to engage in the sea-
faring life was inspired by a perusal of Anson's voy-
age, and when little more than ten years of age, he
was apijrenticed to Messrs. Watt and Gregson, mer-
chants, of this town. When only sixteen years old
he was promoted to the rank of second mate for an
act of intrepidity and courage, by which the ship in
which he sailed was saved. At a period when the
African slave trade was scarcely thought a crime, he
was engaged as mate of a slaver bound for Guinea.
When near Jamaica he was sent with a boat's crew
on shore, and through some unknown cause, the boat
was upset, and aU were immersed in the boisterous
element. A negro, whom he had treated with kind-
ness and taught to read, seeing the perilous situation
of Rushton, pushed towards him a cask, which he
had seized for his own perservation, bade him good
bye, and sunk to rise no more. This incident awakened
the deepest emotions in the breast of Rushton when-
190 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ever he related it. For his earnest exertions in behalf
of the slaves he was frequently threatened with
imprisonment, but he persevered, and shortly after-
wards became a victim to his philanthrophy, by los-
ing his sight in affording relief to a cargo of slaves
afflicted with ophthalmia; medical aid was tried,
but in vain; and, on returning to Liverpool, the con-
duct of his step-mother banished him, in this helpless
state, from a father's home. On the scanty allow-
ance of four shillings a week he managed to subsist
for seven years, paying threepence a week to a boy
for reading to him in the evening. By this means he
became conversant with the best English poets and
essayists, Milton being his favourite. In 1782, he
published a political poem against the American irar,
and in 1787 his West India Eclogues. His father re-
lenting and wishing to befriend him, established him
and his sister in a tavern, a line of business which, of
all others, was most uncongenial to his pursuits.
He shortly quitted this, and became partner and
editor of the Liverpool Herald. The candid state-
ment of his sentiments regarding the impressment of
seamen, caused a dissension between himself and
partner, which obliged him to leave the concern ; and
he opened a bookseller's shop in Paradise-street. Once
more his political opinions brought him into difficul-
I ties, but he ultimately succeeded, and gave to his
I children the best of all endowments, a good education.
Mr. Rushton is maintained by Dr. Shepherd, his bio-
grapher, to have been the first projector of the Blind
Asylum. He died in 1814 at the age of fifty-eight,
leaving behind him several poetical works.
OF EMINENT PERSONS. 191
George Stubbs, the celebrated animal painter,
was the son of a currier, and born at Liverpool in
1724. He contributed annually to the exhibitions of
the Metropolis, and in 1766 published a work on the
anatomy of the horse, engraved by himself. He died
at the advanced age of eighty-two, when in the course
of preparing a work on "The Structure of the Hu-
man Body compared with that of a Tiger and a Fowl."
John Deare, an eminent Sculptor, was born at
Liverpool, I7th October, 1759. The first indication
which he gave of artistical talent, was his carving a
miniature human skeleton with a penknife, when
only ten years of age. This interesting specimen of
youthful genius is still preserved. At the age of
twenty he obtained the first gold prize medal from
the Royal Academy, for a design, from Milton,
executed in alto relievo. Under the patronage of
George III., and of the Royal Academy, he was
sent to Rome, where he prosecuted his studies with
undiminished ardour and untiring enthusiasm, till
death, (brought on by sleeping all night on a block of
marble, under the superstitious idea that his dream-
ing fancy would enable him to disjjlay greater talent
in the work about to be executed,^ suddenly closed
his career. In the gallery of art of the Royal
Institution are two of his works, the subjects of
which are, the Struggle of Satan with the Angel,
and Eleanor sucking the Poison from the wound of
her Husband.
FoRTUNATus Wright was the son of a master
mariner of Liverpool, who distinguished himself in
192 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
the defence of his country. At an early age he
followed his father's profession. SmoUet, in his
History of England, in the reign of George II.,
records a heroic action between the St. George, a
privateer, equipped and commanded by Wright, and
a large French Xebeque, in which the former was
victorious. He fell a victim to political interests
about the year 1760.
Sir William David Evans, a celebrated legal
practitioner, was sometime resident in Liverpool,
and was afterwards appointed as recorder of Bom-
bay, on which occasion lie was knighted. He was
remarkable for an unusual degree of absence of mind.
When he arrived in India he found he had left his
despatches in England, and died before they arrived.
He was the author of numerous legal works, pub-
lished about the beginning of this century.
Matthew Gregson, F.A.S., was one of those
humble individuals whom industry and frugality
have elevated to wealth and importance in society.
He was apprenticed to a paper-hanger and stationer,
and having gained the confidence of his employers,
he succeeded in commencing business for himself.
At an early period of life he devoted himself to
literary pursuits, and was elected fellow of the Anti-
quarian Society, and a member of several philo-
sophical societies. In 1817, he published the
'^Antiquities of Lancashire^ having for a long period
previously been collecting materials. He died in
1824, from an injury sustained in reaching a book
from his library.
OF EMINENT PEESONS. 193
I Mrs. Susannah Dobson, the wife of Dr. Dobson,
! was renowned as the authoress of the "Life of
i Petrarch," " Literary History of the Troubadours,''
" Memoirs of Ancient Chivalry," &c. She died in 1795.
James Currie, M.D., born in the year 1756, was
a native of Dumfrieshire. At an early age, he
proceeded to Virginia, in a mercantile capacity, but
the breaking out of the American war caused him to
return in 1776. He subsequently studied at Edin-
burgh University, and received his degree at Glasgow.
He settled in Liverpool, and became an intimate
friend of Roscoe. He published several miscellaneous
works, and w-as a promoter of several literary and
benevolent institutions in Liverpool; but when all
these shall be forgotten, the name of Dr. Currie will
go down to posterity, as the enlightened editor of
" The Life of Burns.'' He died in 1805, aged forty-
nine years.
William Enfield, LL.D., was born on the 29th
March, 1761, at Sudbury, Suffolk, of humble but
respectable parents. At an early period he displayed
considerable talent, and when aged seventeen, turned
his attention to the ministry. In November 1763,
he was ordained pastor of the congregation of Dissen-
ters, meeting in Benn's Garden, Liverpool. He
immediately commenced arranging materials for a
history of Liverpool, which was published in 1773,
and about the same period he published several other
works. He afterwards received the degree of LL.D.,
from Edinburgh University. Besides the works he
published during his lifetime. Dr. Aiken, his bio-
194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
grapher, edited several others, which at the period of
his death, in 1797, were in course of preparation.
Richard Watt, of Speke, came to Liverpool,
when a boy, about the year 1750, and occupied the
humble station of stable boy. His master finding
him willing to learn, sent him to an evening school.
Watt made such progress that he was speedily
advanced to the counting-house, and he was ultima-
tely sent as supercargo to Jamaica, where he amassed
a fortune of upwards of half a million. On his
return to Liverpool, he settled annuities on the
survivors of his late master's family who were now
in difficulties, and purchased the splendid estate of
Speke Hall, which still belongs to his descendants.
William Hutchinson, Dockmaster of the Port for
upwards of forty years, kept an accurate tidal and
meteorological register, which invaluable document
is now deposited in the Liverpool library. In 1794
he published a treatise on Naval Architecture, &c.
He was originally apprenticed in a small collier be-
longing to Newcastle, but he rose by his persever-
ance and integrity to the command of a government
frigate in 1750, and was subsequently made dock-
master of Liverpool. He died in 1800.
Rev. Thomas Spencer was born at Hertford on
21st January, 1791. In 1807 he was admitted into
Hoxton Academy to study for the ministry. On the
3rd of February he accepted the pastoral charge of
the Independent congregation meeting at Newing-
ton Chapel. His extraordinary talents and exem-
OF EMINENT PERSONS. 195
plary piety rendered him so acceptable that it was de-
termined to erect a larger place of worship. The
foundation of Great George-street Chapel was laid,
and the work was rapidly progressing, when the be-
loved Spencer was suddenly snatched from his affec-
tionate people, by the hand of death. On oth August,
1811 he went, as was his practice, to the south shore
to bathe in the 3Iersey. The tide had just turned and
the spot was dangerous, but unapprehensive for his
safety he plunged into the element, and was in a few
minutes overwhelmed. His biographer. Dr. Raffles,
thus describes him, " As a man he was generous,
frank, independent, unaffected, unsuspecting and
sincere; as a friend he was disinterested and affec-
tionate; and as a christian fervent, holy, humble."
Rev. Legh Richmond, was born in St. Paul's-
square, Liverpool, in 1772. At the age of seventeen
he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, and there
became intimately acquainted with John Singleton
Copley, (now Lord Lyndhurst.) At college he was
the projector, and an active member of several
literary societies. In 1797 he entered on the curacies
of Brading and Yaverland, in the Isle of Wight,
where he discharged the duties of the pastoral office
with faithfulness and zeal. He was the author of
the well-known tracts of" The Dairyman^s Daughter,"
" The Negro Servant," and " The Young Cottager,'^ of
each of which millions of copies have been printed in
many languages, and distributed over the face of the
whole civilized world. He also published several
larger works, which are held in high estimation.
They breathe that fervour of spirit and amiability of
196 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
character which w as the ornament of his life. He
died in 1827, and was interred in Turvey Church,
Bedfordshire, of which he had been rector twenty-
two years.
William Roscoe, who has been aptly styled the
Lorenzo de Medici of Liverpool, deserves the most
prominent place among its literati. He was born
at a small cottage in Mount Pleasant, a few yards
from the corner of Hope- street, in 1753, and at the
age of twelve, was at his own request removed from
school. For four years he employed himself in study
and out door labour, after which he was apprenticed
to an attorney. When engaged in legal pursuits,
he acquired, during his leisure hours, a knowledge
of several languages, and wrote a few pieces of
poetry. When nineteen years of age, he published
a long ej)ic poem, entitled " Mount Pleasant," which
is still read with pleasure. From a very early period
he took a deep interest in the progress of the arts
and literature in Liverpool, and a number of the in-
stitutions, noticed in the former part of this work,
may be traced to his exertions in the cause of liter-
ature. His business required his attention until his
forty-fourth year, after which he retired from the occu-
pations of the desk to the more agreeable one of the
study, vi'ith a competency sufficient to enable him to
live an easy and respectable life. His most celebrated
work is the " Life of Lorenzo de Medici," which has
gained for him an enduring reputation, and caused
him to be ranked among classic historians. " The
Life and Pontificate of Leo X.'' in four volumes, was
another of his great works, which succeeded the former
OF EMINENT NATIVES. 197
in about ten years. His other writings are numerous,
and are both of a political, scientiiic and classic
nature. Toward the close of his life, Roscoe was
chosen representative of the borough in parliament,
where he warmly supported the liberal interest. His
affluence was not destined to support him during his
old age, for the bank in which he was partner stop-
ped payment, and he was thus led into difficulties,
which obliged him to part with his valuable library
and costly collection of antiquities by auction, w here
they realized upwards of £11,000. Eleven years after-
wards, in 1831, this excellent man died of influenza,
leaving behind him a name which makes " our own
Roscoe,'' dear to the heart of every friend of literature
in Liverpool.
The works of several members of his family, show
that the bright genius of the parent was stamped on
the minds of the children.
Mrs. Hemans, (Felicia Dorothea Browne) was one
of those bright gems in the literary world,of which any
place might be proud. She was born in Duke-street,
Liverpool, in 1794, and was the daughter of a respect-
able merchant. At an early age she discovered a
romantic turn of mind, and an extreme fondness for
poetry, and these feelings had freer scope for their
exercise, on the removal of the family to North Wales,
when Felicia was but a girl. Roaming amid the
mountains and woods of Cambria, she indulged her
fanciful imagination with every description of mental
luxury. Chivalry was her idol ; by the recital of the
deeds of the gallant knights of old, her soul was
animated with a martial fire: and her enthusiasm
198 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES
was kindled by the mention of the national prowess
of England. Heroism and patriotism filled her
heart. In the year 1812, she was married to Capt.
Hemans, who shortly afterwards was obliged to pro-
ceed to India, and leave her behind. At St. Asaph,
where she now look up her residence, were written
many of those beautiful pieces of poetry, that have
raised her to the eminence which she holds among
our female authors. They are too well known to
require to be particularized. Her writings are pecu-
liarly sweet, and possess a power over the feelings
and affections of which few can boast. The plain-
tive, melancholy strains in which she sometimes in-
dulges, render her still more endearing, and the feel-
ing of sympathy which she displays in her writings,
brings her nearer to our hearts. The character of
her plaintive poems cannot be better described, than
by giving the well known lines of her beautiful poem
— " The Graves of a Household :" —
They grew iu beauty, side by side,
They filled one home with glee;
Their graves are sever' d far and wide,
By mount, and stream, and sea.
The same fond mother bent at night
O'er each fair sleeping brow ;
She had each folded flower in sight —
Where are Uiose dreamers now ?
One, midst the forest of the west
By the dark stream is laid —
The Indian knows his place of rest,
Far iu the cedar shade.
The sea, the lone blue sea, hath one —
He lies where pearls lie deep,
He was the loved of ail, yet none
O'er his low bed may weep.
One sleeps where southern vines are drest
Above the noble slain ;
He wrapped his colours round his breast,
On a blood-red field of Spain.
OF EMINENT PEESONS. 199
And one — o'er her the mjrtle showers
Its leaves, by soft winds fanned;
She faded 'midst Itahan flowers —
The last of that bright baud.
And parted thus they rest who played
Beneath the same green ti-ee ;
Whose voices mingled as they prayed
Around one parent knee I
They that with smiles lit up the hall,
And cheer'd with song the hearth —
Alas I for love, if thou wert all,
And nought beyond, 0 earth I
Mrs. Hemans spent the latter part of her life at
Wavertree, near Liverpool, where she complains in
a letter to a friend, of the annoyance she constantly
received, in being requested to supply autographs to
her friends. She concludes her letter with, " O the
pleasures of fame ! O that I were but the little girl
on the top of the elm tree again," — alluding to the
romantic and playful habits of her childhood. She
died at Dublin, where she had gone for the benefit
of her health, in 1835, and the place of her burial
is recorded by a monument, with the inscription,
" In memory of Felicia Hemans, whose character is
best pourtrayed in her writings."
Several other eminent characters may be claimed
by Liverpool, but having already so far exceeded the
space allotted for this department of the w ork, they
are necessarily, though reluctantly, omitted.
NEWSPAPERS.
The earliest Liverpool newspaper on record is the
Liverpool Courant, printed by S. Terry, Dale- street,
No. 18, July 18th, 1712. The Liverpool Advertiser
was commenced by Mr. Robert Williamson, on 28th
May, 1756. It contained thirty advertisements. This
paper has more than once changed its name, and is
still published under the title of the Liverpool Times.
On 27th December, 1765, Gore's Liverpool Advertiser
was first published, and is still continued under the
same name.
There are now ten newspapers published in Liver-
pool, viz: —
Newspapers. Days of PuiUcation. Political Bias.
WEEKLY.
Albion Monday Liberal.
Chronicle Saturday Liberal.
Courier Wednesday Conservative.
Gore's Advertiser . . Thursday ^Mercantile.
Journal Saturday Liberal.
Mercury Friday Liberal.
Myers' Mercantile Exclusively
Gazette Monday mercantile.
Times Tuesday Liberal.
TWICE-A-\VEEK.
Standard Tuesday & Friday. Conservative.
THRICE-A-WEEK.
Mail Tuesday, Thursday
and Saturday .. Conservative.
ANTIQUITIES.
The reader who has perused the foregoing pages
will have observed that there are few buildings in
Liverpool which can lay claim to antiquit}^, modern
improvement having caused the removal of nearly all
the reliques of the days of yore.
Birkenhead Priory, was founded in the reign of
Henry II, by Hamo de Massey, for the accommoda-
tion of sixteen Benedictine monks ; and the right of
carrying passengers by the ferry from Birkenhead to
Liverpool, was claimed exclusively by the monks,
who made what was in those days considered a very
exorbitant charge. At the time of the dissolution
of this monastery, in the reign of Henry VIIL, the
annual revenue amounted to £90 13s. In 1818, a
grave stone, which is now placed in the wall of the
chapel, was discovered, with an inscription signifying
the spot to have been the burial place of Thomas
Rayneford, formerly the good vicar of this house,
who died 20th May, 1373. The ruins of this ancient
gothic pile are beside the church of Birkenhead, and
are well worthy of a visit.
Prince Rupert's Cottage. — This small cottage
was the head quarters of the Prince during the siege
of the town, mentioned in the ancient history, at the
commencement of the volume. It is a small white-
washed and thatched cottage, one story high, a little
above Everton Brow, having still the same humble
appearance which it had when occupied by the
illustrious visitor. In the neighbourhood are several
202 ANTIQUITIES.
houses of considerable antiquity. Till the year 1803,
a Beacon, erected probably in the reign of Henry
III., stood on the site of St. George's Church, Everton.
It was a square tower, two stories high, capable of
holding a small garrison, and on the roof were placed
combustible materials for the purpose of giving a
signal of alarm to the beacons of Rivington Pike
and Ashurst. When the country had ceased to be
distracted by civil wars, the tower fell into decay,
and was blown down during a storm in 1803.
VVavertree Well. — A little beyond the village
of Wavertree, beside the lake, is an ancient well on
which appears the following inscription : —
QVI. NON. DAT. QVOD. HABET.
DOEMON. INFRA. RIDET. ANNO. 1414.
Above the arch there was formerly a cross on which
were the additional words —
DEVS. DEDIT.
HOMO. BIBIT.
but it has been many years removed.
The Calder Stones, are four or five in number,
placed irregularly at the junction of four roads near
Allerton. They appear to be of considerable anti-
quity, and resemble what are generally considered
Druidical remains. They bear traces of rude char-
acters which have never been decijDhered, but from
the circumstance of finding coarse urns, containing
human bones and dust, in digging about them, there
is reason to believe that they indicate an ancient
burial-place, — of what age or what people it has
never been ascertained.
Speke Hall, although nine miles from Liverpool,
may be noticed on account of its being an object of
ANTIQUITIES. 203
considerable attraction to the visitor. " It was built
about 350 years ago, and is surrounded by a ditch or
moat, and possesses every trait interesting to the
lovers of antiquity. Gigantic yews shed their gloom
over an antique court ; the old hall is decorated with
a wainscot mantel-piece, said to have been brought
from Edinburgh Castle after the victory at Flodden
Field ; and Sir Wm. Norreys brought here a part of
the Scotch king's library from Holyrood House. On
the wainscoting is inscribed " Sleep xot till thou
HAST WELL CONSIDERED HOW THOU SPENT THE DAY
PAST : IF THOU HAST DONE WELL, THANK GoD FOR
IT; IF OTHERWISE, REPENT.''
Hale Hall, nine miles south east of Liverpool, is
the residence of John Blackburne, Esq., M.P. It has
an ancient appearance and is partly covered with
ivy. On the square tower in front is the date 1674,
and the inscription " Built by Sir Gilbert Ireland,
and Dame Margaret, his wife". In 1809 the south
front was rebuilt in a style corresponding with the
rest of the building. In this chapelry was born, in
1578, John Middleton, " The Child of Hale," who
was possessed of extraordinary strength, and mea-
sured 9 feet 3 inches in height ! He visited the court
of James I., and a portrait of him is preserved in
Brazenose College, Oxford.
Childwall Church, four miles south east of
Liverpool, is a building of considerable antiquity, of
irregular form, with a low pointed spire. In the im-
mediate vicinity, is Childwall Abbey, the property of
the Marquis of Salisbury. The village of Childwall
is a favourite place of holiday resort with the inhabi-
tants of Liverpool.
204 ANTIQUITIES.
Several Fragments of Ancient Buildings in the
town have, from time to time, been met with in dig-
ging the foundations of modern erections. During
the excavations made in Moor-street and Fenwick-
street, a few years ago, several portions of arches and
walls evidently, belonging to the ancient castle, were
met with, A piece of a curious ancient pier was dis-
covered during the recent alterations made in Can-
ning-dock, which is supposed to have been a part of
the harbour of the Pool, prior to the formation of the
first dock. It was supported on oaken piles shod
with iron, a number of which have been removed to the
dock-office for preservation as reliques of the good
old times.
The Records and Manuscripts in possession of
the town are, with a few exceptions, not of very great
antiquity, as many valuable documents were des-
troyed by fire when the Town-hall was consumed.
The Original Seal of King John is one of the
few antiquities which have been preserved. It is
silver, of an oval form, and has the " Lever," or Liver
engraved upon it, with a sprig of sea-weed in its
beak.
The Sword of State carried before Sir William
Norreys, of Speke, during his embassy to the great
Mogul, lies unnoticed among the civic treasures. It
was presented in 1702 to the Corporation, by whom
it was long used as the sword of state. Its handle
was of silver. The scabbard is now so fixed on the
blade by rust, that Herculean strength could not
separate them.
ITINERARY.
For the convenience of Visitors, tlie following Routes are
laid down, whicli will embrace tlie principal objects worthy
the attention of Strangers in Liverpool.
ROUTE FIEST.
Exchange, Castle-st., South Castle-st., Custom-house,
Salthouse Dock, Duke's Dock, King's Dock, Queen's
Dock, Coburg Dock, Union Dock, Beunswick Dock,
Toxteth Dock, Haeeington Dock, Paeliament-st.,
St. James'-place, Geeat Geoege-st , Duke-st,, Can-
ning Dock, James'-st., Fenwick-st., Bkunswick-st.,
Castle-st., Exchange.
After visiting the Town-hall, Exchange-buildings, and
Nelsons Monument, the visitor will accompany us along
Castle-street, at the end of which is St. George's Church, in
St. George's Crescent. Proceeding forward along South
Castle-street, we arrive at the Custom-house. South Castle-
street was formerly called Pool-lane, and it was narrow and
irregular. Since the erection of the Custom-house, it has
become a street of considerable importance. After walking
completely ToundBeveniie-buildings, and viewing the interior,
we turn towards the shipping. Immediately opposite is the
corner of Canning Dock, and adjoining it is Salthouse Dock.
Between Salthouse Dock and the River, is a new dock, in
course of erection. Proceeding along the side of Salthouse
Dock, we arrive at Duke's Dock. A little further is a large
pile of warehouses belonging to the Union Company, one
side of which faces King's Dock, and the other Duke's Dock.
By continuing along "NVapping, we come to the Railway
Station for goods. The tunnel proceeds from this point to
Edge-hUl, as formerly mentioned, and is 2,250 yards in
206 ITINERARY,
length. Turning to the right we arrive at Kings Dock, on
the opposite side of which, is the Tobacco Warehouse.
Before reaching this building we pass the Floating Chapel,
in the north west corner of the dock. After leaving the
Tobacco Warehouse, we may proceed to the Parade between
it and the river, from which we have an excellent \\evf of
the upper part of the Mersey, Birkenhead, where the spire
of the church stands in a picturesque manner among the
trees ; Tranmere, Rock and New Ferries, with the numerous
marine villas on the margin of the river ; Bebbington
Church in the distance ; and still higher up, almost con-
cealed in the thick wooded scenery, is the Ferry of Eastham.
From the Parade we proceed to Queens Dock, along the
west side, and examine the Gra\-ing Docks. A little further
south is Cohiirg Dock, in which are the North American
Steamers, which ought by all means to be inspected. To
save trouble, the visitor should previously provide himself
with an order of admission from the agents, Messrs. Mac
Iver, in Water-street, near the Town-hall. On the south
side of this dock is the Dock Yard. Crossing the passage
between Union and Coburg Docks, we come to Brunsvjick
Dock, the largest in the port ; — keeping along the west side
of it, and passing the basin, we arrive at the Graving Docks.
From this we cross the bridge to the east side of the Dock,
and still keep in a southward direction. Toxteth Dock is
the first dock we pass, and forms the boundary of the
Corporation property. The space on the left is entirely
occupied by timber sheds, which are situated here on account
of the proximity of the timber docks. A little further are
the Harrington Docks, adjoining which are the Mersey Steel
and Iron Company's Works, which shall be the southernmost
point of this route. After inspecting them we retrace our
steps to Brunswick Dock, keeping along the east side.
Nearly opposite the centre of tliis side is Warwick-street, at
the bottom of which is St. Thomas's Church. On the
ITINEEAEY. 207
eminence a little towards tlie south-east, appears the spire of
St. John the Baptist's Church. From "Warwick-street, still
going north, we come to Parliament-street, at the bottom of
which is the handsome Church of St. Barnabas. The next
building above it is the Southern and Toxteth Hospital.
Proceeding up Parliament-street, and passing one or two
chemical, lime, and other manufactories, we cross Bedford-
street, in which there are several large Chapels belonging to
the Welsh. A little higher up the street is .S7. James' Church
on the right. We here turn to the left and see a spacious
triangular area, on the upper side of which is St. James
Market. Keeping along great George-street, we arrive at
Great George-street Chapel, a splendid building, at the angle
formed by this street and Nelson street. Opposite is the
Nelson Assembly Booms, and from the end of the street we
see St. Mark's Church, in Duke-street, a little above where
we now are. Turning down Duke-street, which was
formerly the fashionable portion of the town, and in which
stUl many opulent families reside, we pass the Union News-
room on the right, and arrive at York-street, along which,
we turn to Messrs. Fawcett and Preston's Establishment.
After inspecting these extensive premises, we return to Duke-
sti'eet, and pass the Mates Association-rooms, and Barracks,
on the right-hand side of the street. In a few minutes we
reach the Custom-house, which we now pass, and proceed
to Canning Dock. On the west side of this dock is the Life-
boat Station, and the Tide Surveyors' Office. At the north
end of the dock is a large stone building, which is occupied
by the head-constable. We then turn along James'-street,
on the right-hand side of which, is the Coalbrookedale
Company's warehouse. At the top is St. George's Church,
on the right, and the North and South Wales Bank on the
left. Proceeding along Fenwick-street, which, from being
one of the narrowest and most irregular, has been recently
made a wide and elegant street, we see a number of hand- I
208 ITINERARY.
some offices, and at the comers of Brunswick- street, are
the Union and Messrs. Heywood's Banks. Turning up
Brunswick-street, we find ourselves once more before the
Exchange, where we conckide our first route.
ROUTE SECOND.
Exchange, Watek-st., Prince's Dock, Waterloo Dock,
Victoria Dock, Trafalgar Dock, Clarence Dock,
North Battery, "Waterloo-road, Oil-st., Great Ho-
WARD-sT., Neptune-st., Waterloo-road, Prince's
Parade, George's Dock, George's Pier, Chapel-st.,
Exchange.
This route embraces all the north docks, after which, we
T\ill proceed to survey the tovrn .
From the Exchange we pass down Water-street, in which
most of the steam-packet offices are situated. Messrs. Bai-
ley Brothers' iron warehouse at the bottom of the street
occupies the site of the Ancient Tower. Turning to the right
we pass St. Nicholas Church,dcaA. arrive at Princes Dock. We
proceed along the east side and examine the American
Packets, which are generally much superior in appearance
to the vessels in the docks visited during the first route.
Leaving Prince's Dock, we pass Prince's Basin, and arrive
in succession, at Waterloo, Victoria and Trafalgar Docks.
On the north side of Trafalgar Dock, is the Corporation
Crane, at which some steamer will probably be receiving its
engines. Beyond this, is Clarence Dock, in which lie the
larger steamers. The Glasgow packets are most superbly
fitted up, and wiU be readily she%vn by the parties on board.
Keeping along the south side of the dock and crossing a
bridge we come to Clarence Pier, whence we have a view of
Bootle Bay, the Rock Light-house, and the Ferries near
ITINEKARY 209
the mouth of the river. If it be near high water, we shall
probably be amused by watching the arrival of an Irish
steamer, and the curious scenes which occur when landing
the cargo of bipeds and quadrupeds * If the gates of the
half-tide dock are closed, we cross them to the Graving
Docks, and afterwards proceed to the Battery at the north
extremity of the Docks. This Battery is about to be taken
down to make room for dock improvements, and another
building wUl be erected a little more to the eastward A
little further is a Windmill, and beyond it the North Shore,
a considerable length of which is studded with Bathing Ma-
chines, and enlivened by the number of individuals of both
sexes to be seen floundering among the waves of the Mersey.
A little to the east is a large Cotton Factory ; and, surround-
ed by brick fields, and blackened by their smoke, stands St.
Martin s-in-the-fields, with its lofty spire. Returning along
Waterloo-road, we pass iliessrs. Wilson and Cos. Ship-huild-
ing Yards, the St. George Steam-packet Company's Offices,
and one or two manufacturies of various kinds. Turning to
the left along Oil-street, we pass the Oil-mills and several
large engineering establishments. Turning to the right,
* Oui' attention Ijeing drawn to the side of the river by a gi-oup
of steamers which had just arrived, we went over to them, and
were much amused by the odd scene their decks exhibited. The
stern part raised beyond the waist, as usual contained a freight of
bipeds old and young, some decently clothed, others in looped and
windowed garments, conversing in a jargon that, for what we knew,
might be Chaldee. The deck, from the waist forward, was crowd-
ed with sheep and pigs; so that it was difficult, without seeing it,
to conceive the medley of living creatm-es and disgusting filth.
While the animals on deck were slowly driven along a plank up to
the wharf, sailors were busily engaged at the windlass, and pre-
sently a large bullock emerged from the hatchway, like a lifeless
log, suspended in the air by a rope round his body. The poor
beast seemed paralyzed , for, on being lowered upon the dirty deck,
he sunk down as if he had never known the use of his legs ; but
on the sling, upon which he was raised, being pulled from under
him, he rose as if he recollected himself and " moved aft," as is
the sea phrase. A second animal then slowly ascended to the
light of day in the same manner, the sailors treating them all as
unceremoniou.sly as if they had been bags of coiton.— England
in the Y'dth century.
210 ITINERARY.
when we come into Great Howard-street, we pass St. Mat-
thias Church, a short distance from the street, the Borough
Jail, and several immense piles of warehouses. Proceeding
towards the docks through Neptune-street, we are again in
Waterloo-road. A few yards to the north is a Jiotel, called
the Rotunda Steam-packet Tavern, which was formerly a
windmill. Its interior having been destroyed by fire, it was
converted to its present purpose, and is a place of favourite
resort by " Tars," who, provided with a quantum of grog
and tobacco, delight to " keep a good look out" on the roof,
which is flat and fitted up with benches and other conveni-
ences. Passing several slate-yards, and Prince's Basin, we
cross the bridge beside Prince's Dock, and are on Princes
Parade. From this noble esplanade we have, at high water,
a magnificent view of the Mersey with the Cheshire shore,
and in the distance the blue mountains of Wales. The
scenery is bounded by the Rock Light-house on the right,
and we perceive, in succession, the fashiouable villas of New
Brighton, the Magazines, Egremont, and the populous neigh-
bourhood of Seacombe. StiU more to the left is Wallasey-
pool, which seperates Seacombe from Woodside. On the
hill behind Woodside is Bidston Light-house, with the tele-
graph and numerous signal poles adjoining. The scene on
the river is indescribably beautiful. Here and there are
river steamers and ferry boats ploughing the smooth surface
of the water. " Here is a vessel deeply laden just passing
the dock gates, for a voyage to the Antipodes; there is ano-
ther destined, perhaps, to the Indies, and afterwards to ' The
Pole.' Now the weather-beaten rigging and patched sails
of a ship preparing to enter, speak of tempests encountered
beyond the equator, or amid the icebergs and snowy coves
of Greenland."* Opposite to the parade is moored the
Floating Bath, to which boats are constantly plying with
passengers. W^alking round the basin we come to George's
* England in the I9th century.
ITIXEKAKY. 21
Dock, at the south end is the Mariners Church. The east
side is flanked bv a range of lofty warehouses called the
Goree, with piazzas on the ground story. On the west
side between the dock and the river are the Corporation
Baths. If the visitor is here at low water, he will observe
at George's as well as at Prince's Pier, an ingenious F^oa^/w^r
Landing-stage to enable steamers to land their passengers
without the inconvenience of small boats. At the Egremont
slip is a Landing-stage of a more improved construction, ex-
tending about 70 feet beyond the sea wall to a strong float-
ing-pier, along side of which steamers can be moored. At
this stage carriages can be landed at low water. Returning
to St. Nicholas' Church, we perceive the Telegraph on the
roof of a warehouse at the bottom of Chapel-street. Proceed-
ing up Chapel-street, we arrive at the Sessions-house and Bride-
well, from which we find our way to the Exchange area, our
starting point.
ROUTE THIED.
Exchange, CiSTLE-ST., Loed-st., Church-st., Pa.rkee-st.,
Clattox-square, Elliot-st., Markets, Roe-st., Mue-
BAY-ST., WiLLIAMSOX-SQUAEE, RoE-ST., HaY-MARKET-
LoRD Nelsox-st., Hotham-st., Gloucestee-st., Russel-
ST., Brownlow-hill, Edge-hill, Edge-lane, Rake-
lane, Waveetree-eoad, Doke-st., Chatham-place,
Geinfield-st.,Oxfoed-st., Mount Pleasant, Renshaw-
sT,, Newington, Bold-st., Chuech-st., School-lane,
Paeadise-st., Loed-st., Castle-st., Exchange.
After proceeding along Castle-street, we turn to the
left and have a full view of Lord-street, which is now one of
the handsomest in the town. Passing through it we enter
Church-street, in which is situated St. Peter's Church.
212 ITINERARY.
A little further on the same side is Messrs. Promoli and
Haushurg's Bazaar, and the Exhibition-rooms in old Post-
office Place. On the same side of the street is the AthencBiim
and the Liver Theatre, the latter of uhich will scarcely be
recognised, except by the Liver, which is placed in front, as
the lower story is occupied by shops. Turning up Parker-
street, we are in Clayton-square, which is chiefly appropria-
ted to Hotels. Passing forward we reach St. John's Market.
On the right is the Pedlers Market, and on the left the
general market, which we enter. After proceeding from end
to end we leave it by one of the side gates, leading to Great
Chai-lotte-street, and there see the Fish Market and the
Amphitheatre. Walking towards Queen-square, and then
turning to the left, we pass the end of the market and
the Fish Hall in Roe-street, in which fish is sold in
wholesale quantities. A Httle further is WUliamson-square,
in which is the Theatre Royal. From this we retrace
our steps along Murray-street and Roe-street, to the
spacious area formerly occupied as a Haymarket, and see
before us the Railway Station, and on the left St. Johns
Church and the new building of the Assize Courts and St.
George s Hall. At the south angle of the Haymarket is a
Baptist Chapel. We pass the Railway Station and turn up
Lord Nelson-street. The first building on our right is the
Church of the School for the Blind, and that on the left, the
Blind Asylum, which we will visit in a subsequent walk.
Nearly opposite the church is the Nelson Assembly-rooms.
We pass along Hotham-street till we arrive at Gloucester-
street, in which is St. Simons Church. In Copperas-hill,
the next street beyond Gloucester-street, is St. Nicholas
Catholic Chapel. We continue in Gloucester-street till we
arrive at Russel-street, in which are the Welsh Charity
Schools and the New Jerusalem Chapel. Behind Russel-
street are the Public Slaughter-houses and Ahbatoir Com-
pany's premises. From Russel-street, which is one of a
ITINEBARY. 213
principal line of streets, we turn into Brownlow-hiU, and
some distance higher up, we pass the Workhouse, the House
of Recovery, and the Lunatic Asylum, In Brownlow-street,
which we cross, the Infirmary is situated. Keeping up
Brownlow hill, we pass a Welsh Chapel on the left, and see
Edge-hill Church before us. Leaving this and turning a
little to the left, we get into Edge-lane, which leads us to
the Botanic Garden. We pass several mansions before we
arrive at it, and if we continue our walk further in the same
direction, we meet -with many more of the residences of the
wealthy inhabitants. After inspecting the garden we turn
towards town, till we arrive at Rake-lane, which leads to
"SVavertree-road, and to the Edge-hill Railway Station and
Tunnel. We proceed along Wavertree-road, towards town,
till we arrive at Duke-street, (Edge-hill,) through which we
pas3 into Chatham-place, nearly opposite which is the site
of the new Catholic Chapel and Convent. Turning do^vn
Chatham-place and Grinfield-street, to Oxford-street, and
passing a small Chapel in Sidney-place, we come to the
School for the Deaf and Dumb, heliAndi which it the South
Haymarket. Below this is Abercromby-square, in which is
St. Catharine's Church, and a little to the left of the bottom
of Oxford-street, are the Alms-houses and the Parochial
Cemetery. At the comer of Hope-street are the Medical
Institution and St. John the Evangelist's Church; and nearly
opposite are the back of the Workhouse, the Scotch Secession
Chapel, and the Wellington-rooms. Behind the latter, by
passing along Great Orford-street we come to two Chapels in
Pleasant-street. We continue our walk down Mount
Pleasant, and pass on the left, Rodney-street, in which is
St. Andrew's Scotch Church, and a httle lower on the same
side is the Catholic Orphan House, and on the right, a
Methodist Chapel, and the Eye and Ear Institution. At
the bottom of the street is the Adelphi Hot:l, wMch is the
largest establishment of the kind in the town. In Brownlow-
214 ITINERARY.
hill, a little above the Adeljjhi Hotel, is the Welsh Church.
From the Adelphi six streets proceed in different directions.
We choose Renshaw-street, and find on our right Newington
Chapel, and Si. Andrew s Church, a.ud on the left a Unitarian
Chapel. Beyond this on the same side is Oldham-street, in
■which is the Oldest Scotch Church. Turning along Newing-
ton, we pass on the left the Portico and a Billiard-room,
(intended to be appropriated for a junior club-house,) and
on the right the Arcade; and we arrive in Bold-street,
the Regent-street of Liverpool, in which the beauty and
fashion of this wealthy town are, about the middle of the
day, to be seen promenading. We walk down Bold-street,
near the top of which is the Savings' Bank, passing the
Music-hall on the left, and the Palatine Club-house, the
Rotunda, and the Lycceum on the right ; and are then in
Church-street. Walking forward till we arrive at St. Peters
Church,vi-e there turn to the large building behind the church,
which is the Blue Coat Hospital. Leaving this interesting
institution, we pass the Unitarian Chapel in Paradise-street,
and by turning to the right, find ourselves in Lord-street,
from which we once more proceed to the Exchange and
complete our third route.
ROUTE rOURTH.
Exchange, Castle-st., South Castle-st., Pbice-st.,
Cleveland-square, Pitt-st., Great George-square,
Great George-st., Alfred-st., Mount, Cemetery,
MouNT-sT., Knight-st., Berry-st., Seel-st,, Colquitt-
sT., Seel-st., Hanover-st., Church-st., Lord-st., North
John-st., Cook-st., Castle-st., Exchange.
Passing from the Exchange through Castle-street and
South Castle-street, and under the portico of the Custom-
house, we arrive at Price-street by which we enter Cleve-
ITINERARY. 215
land-square. On the riglit through a small opening we
see St. Thomas' Church, in Park-lane. We pass through
the square into Pitt-street, which is of considerable length.
On the right is a Wesleijan Chapel, and in Upper Frederick-
street, the next street behind Pitt-street, are situated the Cor-
poration Wash-house and Baths. On the left in the upper
part of the street is St. Michael's Church, and Great George-
square still higher up ; crossing Great George-street we
enter Alfred- street, at the top of which is St. James'-road
with St. James Walk, (or the Mount,) before us. From
this agreeable promenade we obtain a fine view of the town
below, and of the opposite parts of Cheshire and the moun-
tains of Wales in the distance. Lea^•ing it at the north end
we enter the Cemetery, and after spending half an hour
among the habitations of the dead, we leave it by the same
entrance. Above the Cemetery is Gambier-terrace, a noble
range of buildings, behind which is Percy-sti-eet, which, al-
though a retired street, contains some of the most elegant
private dwellings in the town, together with (S"^. Brides'
Church. From the lower corner of the Cemetery in Duke-
street we perceive the back of the Mechanics Institution, in
Mount-street, to which we proceed. After having surveyed
this extensive building, we go downwards, crossing Rodney-
street, thi-ough Knight-street, till we arrive in Berry-street,
in which is St. Luke's Church. We enter Seel-street, and
the first building which attracts our attention, on the right,
is the Jews' Synagogue. On the left is the Police Hall and
the Royal Institution Schools. In Colquitt-street are the
Apothecaries' Hall, the Royal Institution, the Permanent
Gallery of Art, and Harrisons Gymnasium. Further down
Seel-street is aS^^ Peter's Catholic Chapel and Messrs. Samuel
and James Holmes' Works on the left, and the Liverpool
Sawmills on the right. We cross Slater-street, in which
the Bible Depository and Charitable Institution House,
are situated. Seel-street terminates at Hanover-sti-eet, at
216 ITINEEARY.
the comer of which is the the Bank of England. From this
we turn to the right into Church-street, and from that to
Lord-street. About the middle of Lord-street, is North John-
street, along which we proceed. In Temple-court, on the
right is the Fire Engine Station, and most of the coffee
roasters' premises. Cook-street is on the left, in which we
find a small piece of Wood Pavement and Monsieur
Hugiienins Gymnasium. After inspecting these, we turn
into Castle-street, and are once more at the Exchange.
EOUTE FIFTH.
ExcHANGK, Oldhall-steeet, Leeds-st., Vauxhall-road,
Naylor-st., Bevington Bush, Bevington Hill, Scot-
LAND-EOAD, ElCHMOXD-ROW, SOHO-ST., STAEFORD-ST., LON-
DON-ROAD, Prescot-road, Mouxt Terxon, Edgehill,
Irtixe-st., West Derby-st., Pembroke-place, Londox-
ROAD, Shaw's Brow, Dale-st., Exchange.
Part of this route is through the more disagreeable portion
of the town, but it is nevertheless worthy the attention of
those who wish to make a complete survey of Liverpool.
We pass through the area of the Exchange into Oldhall-
street, and on the left see the Ship Masters' Association
Rooms. In Union-street, a little further on, 'is the Govern-
ment Emigration and Irish Pass-office. Edmund-street, on
the right, contains the Catholic Chapel and Refonned Pres-
byterian Chapjel; and Prussia-street on the same side leads
us to St. Pauls Church. Returning to OldhaU-street, we
pass Messrs. Bartons, Irlam and Higginson's office, formerly
"the Old-hall^' from which the street derives its name. At
the end of tlie street is the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Basin,
on the right of which is iheNorthern Hospital. Proceeding
along Leeds-street we pass Leeds-street Chapel and School,
and enter VauxhaU-road nearly opposite the North Dispen-
ITIXERARY. 217
sary. Further north are the Gas Works, a number of TFlnd-
mills, and lime, soap, starch, and a variety of other J/an?<-
factories. In the south direction are the Clarence Foundry,
and Bridewell. We proceed through Naylor-street, in which
are St. Bartholomew's Church and Mr. Logan's Veneer Mills,
to Bevington Bush ; on the Tvest side of which is the North
Corporation School. Passing along Bevington Hill we
enter St. Martin's Market, from which we proceed to Scot-
land-road. Proceeding north we pass the new Scotch Church
and St. Anthony's Catholic Chapel on the right, and a little
distance to the left is St. Martin s-in-the-fields. Returning
towards town we pass the end of Nelson-street (north,) at the
other end of which is a New Wesleyan Chapel. We then
turn up Richmond-row, and leave on our right the Baptist
Chapel, in Byron-street, and Queen's TJieatre, Christian-
street; and on the left the Two Chajjels in Comus-street, All
Saint's Church and St. Annes Church. Turning along Soho-
street we pass a Baptist Chapel on the left, and see St. Au-
gustine's Church, on the eminence above, and Trinity Church
on the right. Crossing Islington we enter Stafford-street, at
the end of which is the Monument of King George III.
The statue was executed by Westmacott ; and the figure,
the countenance of which is an excellent hkeness of
his late majesty, sits gracefully on his horse. This monu-
ment was intended to have been placed in Great George-
square, but the present situation was chosen in con-
sequence of the inhabitants of the square not agreeing
in which direction the horse's head was to be placed. We
are now in London-road the great thoroughfare for vehicles
pre-v-ious to the opening of the Railways. Proceeding in the
direction from the town we pass the Methodist Chapel in
Moss-street, and St. Jude's Church on the left. A little
above the church on the other side is Harper-street, in which
the West Derby Public Offices are situated, under which are
cells capable of confining two hundred prisoners. In Low-
218 ITIXEEARY.
hill the old IFest Darby f Derby) Workliouse faces us. The
inmates have been removed to the more spacious premises
in Evertou, and it is now occupied bv the children belonging
to the Liverpool workhouse. From this point we turn to
the right, along Mount Vernon, from which we have a good
^iew of the town. In the next street below, the Catholic
Convent for the Sisters of Mercy is now erecting. At the
end of Mount Vernon on the left is an antiquated buUding
called The Piory, the residence of the Rev. F. Barker. We
now leave Edgehill and turn towards town, along Irvine-
street, which leads us to West Derby-street and Pembroke-
place, at the comer of which is Pembroke Chapel, (Baptist.)
The next street we pass is Ashton-street, in which are situ-
ated the Lunatic Asylum and Lock Hospital. Brownlow-
street already noticed is also passed, as well as Pembroke-
street, in which are the Albion Oil Mills. Nearly opposite
this is St. Silas' Church. Below, on the left, is GUI-street,
in which is the Sandemanian Chapel, the Market, now
building, the Soup Kitchen, ^-c. We are once more at the
monument, whence we continue our walk downwards past
the Blind Asylum. After leaving this interesting institution,
we come to Islington Market on the right, having on our left
the Railway Station, the Assize Courts,Q.n(i St. John's Church.
Shaw's Brow, (a steep and narrow declivity through which
all the coaches, in former days, used to pass prior to the
opening of Manchester-street,^ is our next object ; aud this
leads us, after crossing Byrom-street, at the end of which is St.
Stepjhens Church, to Dale-street, in wliich the principal Inns
and Coach Offices are situated. This street we may always
recognize by the bustle of porters and the rattling of omni-
buses. Formerly we should, perhaps, have been interrupted
in our walk by the sudden exit of four fiery greys, with a
loaded coach at their heels, from the yard of the Saracen's
Head, or by the luggage landing from the roof of a London
coach at the door of the Angel; now, though still a busy
ITINERARY. 219
scene, the "High Fljer," and " L'Hirondelle," with their
splendid teams, are changed for the cumbrous omnibus and
its hacks; and Dale-street possesses only three coaches, a
miserable remnant of its former number ! On the right is
the gas works, whence we perceive the Exchange, to wluch
we hasten, after viewing the Royal Bank Buildings, on the
left, glad to conclude our fifth route.
ROUTE SIXTH.
Exchange, Dale-st., Manchestee-st., St. John's-lane,
Hat-market, Commutation-row, Islington, Shaw-st.,
Ev£rton-village,Eveetox-teerac£, St. George's-hill,
Noethumberlaxd-terrace, St. Domixgo-lane, Church-
st.,(Evertox,) Evertox-road,Deeby-road, Zoological
Gardens, Exchange.
Leaving our usual starting place, we pass along Dale-street
to Manchester-street, on the left side of which is the princi-
pal office of the Bootle Water-works. AVe then proceed from
tliis point across the old haymarket, up St. John's-lane, leav-
ing Queen's-square, in which is the office of the New Gas-
works on the right. This brings us to the Haymarket
whence we turn to Islington Market in London-road. Pro-
ceeding along Commutation-row, we arrive at Islington, and
find on our right the Catholic Blind Asylum, and on the left
the Eastern Dispensary. Keeping straight up this street we
pass on the left Salisbury-street, in which St. Francis'
Xavier's Catholic Chapel is about to be built. A little above
this, is Shaw-street, along which we turn, passing the Colle-
giate Institution and St Augustine's Church, i^bout half
way down Everton-brow is Crescent Chapel, and a little
above Shaw-street is the Round-house and the celebrated
Everton Toffee Shop. Turning upwards here, through Ever-
ton-village we pass Prince Rupert's Cottage onXhexi^i with
P
220 ITINERARY.
several otlier buildings of antiquity. We next proceed along
Ever ton-terrace, and then ascend St. George's-hill, whence
we have a noble view of the mouth of the river. From this
we go through Northumberland-terrace into St. Domingo-
lane, close to which is St. Domingo-house. This elegant
mansion was built by Mr. Sparling with the proceeds of a
French prize ship from St. Domingo, whence it derived its
name. It was occupied for a short period as the residence
of the Duke of Gloucester when on a \asit to Livei-pool, and
was afterwards purchased by government. It was latterly
used as a boarding school, and very recently was purchased
for a comparatively small sum,for a Roman Catholic College.
In the neighbourhood of Everton are some of the most
fashionable residences of the Liverpool merchants. A little
past St. Domingo is the Booile Water Works reservoir, and
further on is the ^^llage of Kirkdale. Returning along St.
Domingo-lane we pass Messrs. WhaUey's Nursery, which is
well worthy of a visit, and arrive at St. George's Church.
Passing again through the village of Everton, we go along
Everton-road and perceive on our left the chimney of Hy-
geia-street Glass-works, (at present disused,) and in Mill-lane,
the Everton National School. Further south in Everton-
road we come to the old Baptist Burial-ground on the
right, and at the angle formed by this and Derby-road, we
find the Necropolis. Having walked round this " city of the
dead," we proceed along Derby road and perceive before us the
Zoological Gardens on the right, together with " The Derby" i
Hotel, a Zoological Museum, &c. On the left we see the
West Derby Union TFor^-7iouse, which is approached by Mill-
lane. This extensive building was opened in 1841, for the
reception of the poor of West Derby Union, which consists
of twenty-one parishes, and at present contains four hundred
individuals, although there is accommodation for five hun-
dred. The building is of brick and has all the modern im-
provements. It consists of an octangular centre, in which
ITINERARY. 221
is the governor's house, Avith front, back, and side ivines of
considerable extent. From the octagon, all the parts of the
building mar be seen, by which arrangement the inmates are
constantly under the eye of the governor. The east ■wing
is appropriated to females and the west to males. The
ground-floor of the back wing is occupied as school-rooms,
the story above as a dining-room, and on the upper floor is
a chapel capable of containing sis hundred individuals. On
the roof are spacious reservoirs for supplying the apartments,
to which the water is forced by a small steam-engine, which
also performs several culinary and other domestic operations.
The entire area of the ground on which the buUding is situ-
ated is about two acres. We then enter the Zoological Gar-
dens where we will probably stay several hours, after which
we will find it more agreeable to return to the Exchange in
an omnibus or car, than to trudge the distance, after so long
a previous walk.
ROUTE SEVENTH.
ExcHiNGE, Castle-st., Lokd-st., Chuech-st., Bold-st.,
Leece-st., Hardmax-st., Hope-st., Falknek-st., Crowit-
STREET, Upper SxANHorE-sx., Lodge-laxe, Ullet-lane,
DlxGLE, Park-road, St. James'-place, St. James'-st.,
Park-lane, South Castle-st., Castle-st., Exchange.
Leaving the Exchange for the seventh time, we arrive by
way of Castle-street, Lord-street, Church-street and Bold-
street, at St. Luke's Church in Berry-street, opposite which
is the Keto Arcade. We proceed along Leece-street, and
Hardman-street, crossing Rodney-street, past St. Philips
Church to Hope-street, and turning to our right we come to
Falkner-street. From Falkner-street we pass into Canning-
street, in which is the Church of the Holy Apostles, and re-
turn to Falkner-street a little below the Female Penitentiary.
222 ITIXEEARY.
Ill Mulberry- street, a short distance from this, is a Welsh
Chapel. We continue in Falkner-street keeping St. Savi'
ours Church to the right till we come to Crown-street, in
which the old Railway Station is situated. This street
leads us across Parliament-street to Upper Stanhope-street,
in which is St. Clement's Church, and a little above it at the
corner of Lodge-lane, the new Reservoir ^c. of the Liver-
pool and Harrington Water-worlcs. From near this point
a pathway leads across a field on the left to the Railway
Station at Edgehill. Turning to the right at the Water-
works we walk the whole length of Lodge-lane, passing several
handsome dwellings, till we arrive at Ullet^lane which leads
us past the ground allotted to the New Park, to the Dingle-
lodge. After wandering through these delightful grounds,
we turn into Park-road and pass on the right Park Chapel,
the oldest dissenting chapel in the neighbourhood, and on
the left a handsome Independent Chapel in South Hill-place.
As we approach town we leave, at some distance on the left,
the place where the Hercidanceum Potteries formerly stood,
and we pass in succession St. John the Baptist's Church, a
New Connexion Methodist Chapel, and St. Patrick's Catho-
lic Chapel. A. little above Park-road is a Wesleyan and a
Welsh Chapel, and at the comer of Warwick-street and Mill-
street is Hanover (an Independent) Chapel. From the Ca-
tholic Chapel we proceed along St. Jaraes'-place, St. James'-
street and Park-lane, in the latter of which are the North
Corporation School and St. Thomas's Church, to the Cus-
tom-house, whence we easily find our way to the Exchange.
THE ENVIRONS.
I
^ Ij
The following are tlie principal villages and hamlets in j {
the neighbourhood of Liverpool, arranged according to their i ]
relative position, commencing with those to the north of the j
town. — I
BooTLE is a village about three miles distant, much fre- M
quented during summer months for sea bathing. The prin- |
cipal objects of attraction are the Church, which has two
towers, the Water-works, and the Land-marks on the sands.
Seaforth is about a mUe beyond Bootle and contains a
number of delightful residences.
Wateeloo is a newly estabUshed, but much frequented
watering place, disposed in the form of a crescent with a
large hotel in the centre. A handsome church has been re-
cently erected. Near this are the ^-illages of LiTHEELAND
and Crosby, the latter of which has a church and gi-ammar- 1
school, and four miles farther north is the village of I>:cE j
Bluxdell, in which is the Hall, long the residence of the '
Blundell family, containing an extensive and rare collection I
of casts, pictures, sculptures, and other curiosities. The !
property of this estate was the occasion of the celebrated
law-suit Blundell versus Weld, by Avhich it was alienated j
from the heirs to a^ son of Cardinal Weld. ;
Sefton is a township seven miles north of Liverpool. i
The parish church is dedicated to St. Helen, and the beauty 4
of its interior, perhaps, exceeds that of any church in the j
county. The ancient church was erected in the year 1111, j
but the present edifice is of the'time of Henry VIII., built by I
Anthony Molyneux, rector of the-place. The chancel is di-
vided by a magnificent screen from the body of the church,
and contains sixteen stalls of elegant sculpture. The sepul-
ture of the " noble and knightly family of Molyneux," as
224 ITINERARY.
Camden styles them, lias been here for a succession of ages.
A monument records that Sir. Wm. Molyneux distinguished
himself in the battle of Agincourt, and received the honour
of knighthood from Henry V.
Croxteth-park is the residence of the Earl of Sefton,
four miles south east of Liverpool.
Knowsley Hall is the seat of the Earl of Derby, eight
miles east of Liverpool.
Walton is three miles from Liverpool, and is the parish
to which Liverpool originally belonged. The church is of
gi'eat antiquity and of an irregular form ; it has recently
had a handsome steeple added, together with a large and
powerful new organ. At Spellow Mount a short distance
from this, are the beautiful nurseries of Mr. Skirving.
KiRKDALE is a large suburb of the town, with which it is
now connected by a continuous line of streets. It contains
a neat church, St Mary's Cemetery, several chapels, and the
county House of Correction, previously noticed.
AVest Derby, the greatest part of which is the property
of the Earl of Derby, is an old and picturesque village, four
miles north east, surrounded by a thickly wooded country.
Old Swan is a small hamlet on Prescot-road, near which
is the cattle-market, a church, a new Catholic chapel, and a
Wesleyan chapel.
A short distance from the Old Swan is Broad Green
railway station, and a little further in the southerly direction
is the romantic village of Childwall, with its abbey and
church.
Allerton is five miles south east of Liverpool. In its
neighbourhood are the calder stones, formerly noticed, and
Allerton Hall, the residence of Roscoe, till the reverses of
fortune obliged him to quit it in the decline of life.
Gateacre and Woolton are delightful villages, the latter
of which contains a neat church. They are much visited
by the inhabitants of the town during summer.
ITINERAEY. 225
Wavektkee is a large village containing numerous
residences of the more opulent classes, together with an
old church and an Independent and Weslevan chapel. In
the village is a large sheet of water called Wavertree lake,
near which are the bridewell and an ancient well. The cut-
ting for the railway at Olive Mount, is a little distance from
this place. This is a stupendous excavation, in one place
70 feet below the level of the gi-ound, and is well worthy the
notice of the visitor.
Between Wavertree and Aigburth are numerous elegant
villas and suburban residences. The ^•illage of Aigbdrth
is beautifully situated three miles south of Liverpool, on the
Mersey. In the neighbourhood is a handsome modern
church in the Norman style of architecture, in which is a
fine painted window representing "Christ healing the leper."
There is also a Cathohc chapel ; and a Cathohc Magdalen
asylum is shortly to be bmlt.
Returning towards town we come into Toxteth-park, in
Avhich is situated St. Michael's church, a handsome Gothic
erection ; and the whole of the neighbourhood through
which we pass is thickly studded with gentlemen's seats.
Till the visitor has made the tour of the environs, he vnH.
have no idea of the splendour of the private dwellings of the
opulent Liverpool merchants, and of the taste which is dis-
played in the arrangement of the grounds. In meiking this
survey he will find much to interest, as well as to amuse ;
and, had not tliis little work been already considerably ex-
tended beyond the limits at first proposed, he would have
been assisted in his perambulations by a more detailed ac-
count of the environs than is now given.
THE CHESHIRE SHORE OF THE
MERSEY
has become so tliorouglalj identified with the interests of
Liverpool, that, to omit a short description of the numerous
populous villages opposite Liverpool, would be to render
this Strangers' vade meeum incomplete.
Although there are many places worthy of particular
notice on the Cheshire side of the Mersey, two routes will
be sufficient to enable the stranger to see the principal
objects of attention.
ROUTE FIRST.
WooDsiDE, Birkenhead, Rock Ferry, New Ferry,
Bebbingtox, and Eastham.
Proceeding to George's Pier, we make our way to the
Woodside steamer,* by wliicli we are in a few minutes con-
veyed to the slip at the other side.
WOODSIDE
is the most ancient of the ferries on the Mersey, and it has
been in the family of Mr. Price, the present proprietor, for
upwards of 500 years. Though formerly merely a ferry
house it is now a densely populated neighbourhood, laid out
with a considerable degree of elegance and taste. The prin-
cipal streets are wide and regular, the houses being generally
of stone ; and it is evident that considerable attention has
been paid to efi'ect in their construction. Hamilton-square,
designed by G. Graham, Esq., of Edinburgh, contains a num-
* The names of the ferries to which the steamers ply are painted
ou the paddle boxes ; but in addition to this, passengers are as-
sisted in distinguishing the ditferent boats by a Ball at the mast
head of the Birkenhead steamer, a IF at that of the Woodside boat,
a Star at that for Rock Ferry, and the representation of a Loco-
motive Engine at that of the JRailway steamer.
ixn.'ERArvY. 227
ber of elegant dwellings of the Doric style of architecture,
and the centre is occupied by a spacious shrubbery. The
principal buildings worthy of notice are the Town-hall, Prison,
and Market, which is an extensive erection one story high
with a stone front, the centre part of which rests on sis
columns. The right wing is used as the Jail, and the left as
the Town-hall and Parish-offices. The rear of the building
which is continued to form a square, is fitted up conveniently
as a Market, and is well supplied with provisions, .See. The
building was designed by Mr. Rampling, of Liverpool, and
erected by Messrs. J. and W. Walker, for less than ^'4,000.
Trinity Church is a splendid Norman edifice, recently
opened, constructed entirely of white freestone, and the
workmanship is of the richest and most costly description.
The tower, which is square, is at the west end, and under it
is the principal entrance, enriched by carved heads and other
ornaments. The Independent Chapel, Hamilton-square, is a
handsome building in the Gothic style, with lancet windows
between the buttresses. The entrance is by a porch, sup-
ported on Gothic arches. The Scotch Church, also in the
Gothic style, has a stone front with projecting turrets, which
are carried up above the walls of the building, and terminated
by pinnacles. The sides are stuccoed, and have buttresses,
each of which is finished with a pinnacle. The principal
entrance is by a pointed arched doorway, ascended by a broad
flight of steps. Brunsicich Chapel, belonging to the Wesley-
ans, situated in Brunsvrick-terrace, is a neat biulding with an
Ionic portico, and the date of erection, A.D. MDCCCXXX,
inscribed over the entrance. The Catholic Chapel (St. Wer-
burg's) is a large substantial building of red stone, with a
cross at each end. The Chester and Birkenhead Railway Sta-
tion, in Grange-lane, has nothing in its appearance to render it
worthy of notice. At a little distance from it are two hand-
some lodges, forming the entrance to that part of the neigh-
bourhood called Clifton Park, which is laid out in villas.
i 228 ITINERARY.
In the hollow below Holt-hill, on ground recovered from a
pool, caused by the influx of the tide, are situated the Gas-
works, from which the whole of this part of Cheshire is lighted.
There are several large hotels in different parts of the -village,
as well as those in the neighbourhood of the ferry.
A little beyond Monks' Ferry, which is at present chiefly
used by the railway passengers is
BIRKENHEAD.
The Church of St. Mary, built in the Gothic style of archi-
tecture, %vith a lofty spire, is a promment object from Liver-
pool, and its position in connexion with the Old Abbey ,
renders it an interesting object to the visitor. The abbey
has been already noticed under the head Antiquities. The
church is cruciform, and was erected by F. R. Price, Esq.,
the lord of the manor, in 1819, since which period it has
been enlarged, by the addition of the transepts. The Inn
at Birkenhead is very commodious, and there are tastefully
arranged gardens adjoining, overlooking the river, and com-
manding an excellent view of the town of Liverpool. From
Birkenhead we proceed to Tbanmere, a ferry which is not
now in use, and crossing the bridge over Tranmere Pool,
we direct our steps to the next ferry up the river, which is
THE ROYAL ROCK FERRY.
This is a delightful neighbourhood, thickly studded with
elegant villas and mansions, all of which are of modem
erection. A splendid esplanade connects this with the New
Ferry. Near the slip is a neat edifice containing hot and
cold baths, and above this, is a good hotel. The park,
which is open to the public, contains some of the best
houses; and a handsome New Church, dedicated to St.
Peter has just been built by subscription, on ground presented
by R.W. Barton, Esq. The foundation stone was laid on the
14th April, 1841, and the work completed by Messrs. Samuel
liiiiJ^jW
IP
ITINERARY. 229
and Walker, from the designs of ^Messrs. Hurst and Moflat.
The building is of the old Norman style of architecture,
with a spire rising 68 feet above the roof of the church.
The interior is appropriately fitted up, without galleries,
although they may easily be added if necessary, and it will
accommodate 750 individuals. Half a mile higher up the
river is
NEW FERRY,
from which only small sailing-boats ply to Liverpool. Modem
improvement and taste has not done so much for this ferry
as for the one last named, although there are many beau-
tiful cottages near the shore. There are also comfortable
baths, and bathing-machines to be had in summer. Leaving
New Ferry, and proceeding from the river across the Chester
road, we pass under the railway, and shortly arrive at
LOWER BEBBIXGTON.
This is a retired hamlet, having a fine Old Church, with an
ivy-mantled spire, a glimpse of which can be caught from
the Liverpool side of the Mersey. A little before arriving
at the church we pass a curiously ornamented house, and
find in the wall of the garden several stones with curi-
ous inscriptions. From Bebbington we make will our way
across or round Bromboro' Pool to
EASTHAM,
a small village situated among the richly wooded property
of Sir Thomas Stanley. The Church is of great antiquity,
and the architect is said to have been Inigo Jones. Half a
mile from the village, and entirely concealed by the luxu-
riant plantations, is the Ferry of Eastham, which is the
most picturesque on the river. The gardens of the hotel
are delightfully laid out, and will form a pleasant resting
230 ITIXERAliY,
place after the long route wliicli we have taken. After we
have partaken sufficiently of the choice things provided by
* mine host' of the Inn, we return to Liverpool by one of
the steamers.
ROUTE SECOND.
WooDSiuE, BiDSTON, Wallaset, Leasowe, New Brigh-
ton, Fort and Lighthouse, Magazines, Egremont,
LiSCARD, SeaCOMBE.
Once more at Woodside, we turn to the right, after leaving
the ferry, and pass Mr. Laird's iron ship-huilding yard and
patent-slip, on the margin of Wallasey Pool. This pool
is a large inlet of the river, proceeding several miles into
the interior, preventing us from getting directly to the next
ferry in tlie southward direction, A handsome bridge is about
to be built over the puol by the inhabitants of the neigh-
bourhood. It will be a draw-bridge, working on stone piers
at a height of 30 feet above the present sm-face, having seven
wooden arches of 20 feet span each, leaving a waterway of
neeirly 200 feet. The bridge will be approached by a new
road across Bidston-moss. The architect is Mr. Alfred
Yarrow, and the contractors are Messrs. Walker and Craven.
From Woodside we make ior Bidston Lighthouse on Bidston
hill, about three miles distant, from which we have a splendid
view of the Mersey and the Dee, and the neighbouring
mountains of Flintshire and Denbighshire. The lighthouse
was erected in 1770, and the internal arrangements are
worthy of inspection. At the top of the pool is the village
of Wallaset, which was at one time a formidable rival of
Livei-pool. The Church stands on an eminence above the
village. Not far from "Wallasey, in the dii'ection of Sea-
combe, is a Monument with a small spire, on the road side.
ITINERARY. 231
in memory of Mrs. Boode, of Leasowe Castle, who was
killed near the spot, b}- a fall from her pony carriage, in
1826. About two miles from Wallasey is
LEASOWE CASTLE,
to which an omnibus runs daily from ^^'oodsideJ at twelve
o'clock. Some parts of the building are of modern con-
struction, while other parts are of considerable antiquity.
One of the apartments contains the wainscotting of the
celebrated Star Chamber, which was transferred to this
place from St. Stephen's Chapel, in 1834, by Sir Edward
Cnst, the proprietor of the castle. A part of the castle is
used as an Inn, and is a favourite place of resort by the
inhabitants of Liverpool. Leasowe Lighthouse is on the
shore opposite the Inn, and is a prominent object from
the sea. From Leasowe we proceed to
NEW BRIGHTON,
a watering place, which at no very distant period, promises
to become one of the most fashionable and delightful places
of resort in this part of the kingdom. It was projected by
James Atherton, Esq., of Liverpool, who purchased 170
acres of land, about seven years ago, and immediately com-
menced erecting marine villas. The situation has consider-
able advantages, it rises in a succession of ridges of a convex
semicircular form, from the margin of the sea, and is capable
of being arranged in terraces, so that none will intercept
each other's view. The shore is admirably adapted for
bathing, and there is an abundant supply of fresh water,
which is received in a reservoir, capable of containing 1,600
gallons. Spacious streets, nearly a mUe in length, are laid
out, and numerous villas, and a commodious hotel, have been
already erected ; shewing the spirited manner in which the
project of the proprietor is being carried out, and the
gigantic nature of his plans.
322 ITINERARY.
THE FORT, AND LIGHTHOUSE
described in a previous part of this volume, are situated at
the entrance to the Mersey, below New Brighton. The
Fort will accommodate 100 men, and has all the necessary
conveniences. The west front is 200 feet in length, and
mounts six thirty-two pounders, and the north front has
four guns, which with those at the west front and at the
angles, -^^ill give a direct fire of fourteen guns on an enemy
attempting to pass up the Rock channel, which he is com-
pelled by the nature of the sand-banks to do within 900 yards
of the fort. The approach is by a stone bridge of three
arches, and the interior of the building is elevated 14§ feet
above the surface of the rock. The entire area is upwards
of 3,000 square yards, and it mounts eighteen thirty-two
pounders. It was planned by Captain Kitson, of the Royal
Engineers.
THE MAGAZINES.
The ^-illage is so named from the circumstance of all the
gunpowder arriving at the port being deposited in a build-
ing in the neighbourhood. It is situated on the margin of
a sand-hill, and the rustic simplicity of the cottages strongly
contrasts with the appearance of the elegant villas of the
neighbouring ferries.
EGREMONT
is the next ferry southward. At the slip is a large hotel,
and at a little distance are numerous elegant residences.
Westward of the hotel is a handsome Church, erected by
Sir John Tobin, for the joint convenience of the inhabitants
of Egremont and Seacombe.
LISCARD
as a neat hamlet, a short distance from Egremont ferry, in
which there is a Wesleyan and an Independent Chapel.
ITINERARY.
233
SEACOMBE
is a populous village pleasantly situated on the rising ground
on the north side of Wallasey Pool, having a comfortable
hotel, the gardens of which are neatly laid out as a tea^
garden. In the neighbourhood are many agreeably situated
marine villas. From this ferry we cross in the steamer,
and once more reach Liverpool.
APPENDIX
POST OFFICE, LIVERPOOL.
WILLIAM BAXXING, ESQ., POSTMASTEK.
THE DELIVERIES.
The office opens for the First Delivery about 8 15 every
morning, and continues open until 9 p.m. The letters in the first
delivery are those (brought by the Grand Junction Railway Mails)
from Loudon and tlie line of road, the East, South, and 'West of
England, Falmouth, Exeter, Bristol, Gloucester, Worcester, South
Wales, Bii-mingham, Bilston, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Eccles-
hall. Stone, Rugely, Newcastle, the Potteries, and Warrington:
and from Chester, "North Wales, Shropshire, and Cheshire; the
East and West Indies, North and South America, and the Medi-
terranean ; (by the Carlisle Mail) from Onnskirk, Preston, Black-
bum, Burnley, Garstang, Lancaster, Kendal, Penrith, Carlisle,
Westmoreland, Cumbeiiaud, and all Scotland; (by the Dublin
Packet) from all Ireland, and (by the first Manchester and first
York Mails) from Manchester, Stockport, Rochdale, Macclesfield,
all Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland, Lincolnshire, Notting-
hamshire, and Derbyshire.
The Secoxd Delivery commences about 11 a.m. and in-
cludes letters from Kenyon, Newton, Bolton, and Manchester (per
Second IManchester Mail).
The Third Delivery includes the letters by the second Dub-
lin Packet, due at 11 30 a.m. -which will be ready for delivery in
half an hour after arrival.
The Fourth Delivery commences about 1 30 p.m. (the
third Manchester Mail) with letters from Manchester, Prescot,
and St. Helens.
The Fifth Delivery commences at 3 30 a.m. and includes
letters from Chester, Neslon, Eastham, and New Ferry.
The Sixth Delivery commences about 4 30 p.m. and includes
letters (brought by the third Manchester and second York Mails)
from Newton, and Manchester, Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford,
Wetherby, Leeds, and York, and (by the second Grand Junction
Railway Mail) from Biimiugham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Staf-
ford, Newcastle, Middlewich, Winsford, Northwich, Warrington
and Huylon.
APPEXDIX.
235
The Seventh Delivery commences at 6 30 p.m., and includes
letters from Southport, Ormskirk, Ma^hull, Crosby,' Bootle, Wal-
ton, West Derby, Old Swan, Wavertree, Woolton, Upton, Birken-
head, Seacombe, and Xew Brighton.
The Eighth Delivery commences at 7 45 p.m., including let-
ters from Manchester, and (by the second London and third Grand
Junction Railway Mails) from Loudon and the towns beyond
London, and Foreign Parts passing through London, and the line
of road from London and Birmingham.
*^* When any delay occurs in the arrival of the Mails, a
corresponding one must unavoidably take place in the commence-
ment of the deliveries.
N.B. — The post-office is not open for the delivei^ of letters on
Sundays between the hours of nine and two, on which day it
finally closes at 8 p.m.
The Box Deliveky is closed daily (Sundays excepted) at
9 p.m. Letters addressed to the post-office, " Until called lor," are
not delivered after 9 p.m. ; and letters to be post-paid, are received
until twelve at midnight, and on Sundays from 9 to 10 15 a.m.
There are tliree deliveries daily by the letter earners, com-
mencing about 8 15 a.m., 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. On Sundays only
the first.
THE DESPATCHES.
The
making up
despatched
Box closed at
1 30 A.ilA
6 15
A.M
6 65
A.M
7 30
A.M
9 15
A.M
0 0
1 0
A.M
P.M
are the hours at which the letter box is closed for
the several mails, and the hour at which each mail is
Mail despatched at
For Wan-ington, Bolton, Wigau, Chor-"\
ley, Sandbacb,Congleton,Macclesfield,
Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birming-
ham, London; Foreign (via London),
Preston, Garstang, Lancaster, Burton,
Kendal, Penrith, Carlisle, Edinburgh,
Glasgow, and all Scotland ; for Ches-
ter, and the line of road to Holyhead,
and for Wrexham, Euabon, Euthiu,
Denbigh, and Carnarvon
i_For Dublin, and all Ireland 5 0 A.M
For Manchester and York line of road. .
f For New Ferry, Eastham, Neston, and )
t Chester J
For Maghull, Ormskirk and Southport
iForWarrington,Xorthwich,Middlewich, 1
Newcastle, Stafford, Wolverhampton, [• 10 15 a.m.
Walsall and Birmingham j
For Prescot, St. Helens and Manchester. 10 45 a.m.
For Keuyon, Newton and Manchester. 1 45 p.m.
3 0 a.m.
6 45 A.M.
7 15 A.M.
8 0 A.M.
236
APPENDIX.
4 30 P.M.
Box closed at Mail despatched at
3 0 P.M. For Birkenhead, Eastham and Chester. 3 45 p.m.
for "Wiccan, Bolton, Manchester, Roch-
dale, Halifax, Huddersfield, Bradford,
Preston, the North Road, Westmore-
land, Cumberland, and all Scotland.
'For Birkenhead, Chester, Wrexham,^
and North Wales ; Warrington, Wol-
verhampton, SheflBeld, Nottingham,
and Birmingham; the counties of Rut-
land, Lincoln, Northampton, Bed-
ford, Berks, Suffolk, Herts, War-
wick, Worcester, Huntingdon, Cam- }- 6 45 P.M.
bridge, Norfolk, and Oxford; for
5 30 p.M.-{ London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth,
all parts of the South and South-
west of England and South Wales;
also South America, and the West
Indies
For Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, } ,, -.i- „ ,.
York, and all Durham ]" ^ ^^ ^■^'•
l^For Dublin and all Ireland 7 15 p.m.
MONEY ORDER OFFICE.
To prevent the loss of money sent in letters by post, /or which
the Post Office is not accountable, and for the convenience of per-
sons remitting small sums not exceeding live pounds, a clerk
attends at the Monej--order Office, Post Office, from ten in the
morning until three in the afternoon, and from half-past five to
seven in the evening, (Sunday excepted), to pay orders drawn
upon the Post Master, Liverpool, and to give orders payable at
sight, on the Post Masters where the remittances are required to
be paid, in any part of the United Kingdom,
Time
from
8 30
1 45
8 0
THE LOCAL POST OFFICES.
of Despatch
Liverpool. Places. Receivers.
p'.u.^ { N'ewton ... .Mr. Saile 9 15 a,
20 A.M.
8 15 A.M.
1 45:
8 30 i
Time of Despatch
to Liverpool.
,M. & 2 15 p.m.
f Maghull — Watkinson, Saddler 4 30 —
( Walton — Musker, Schoolmaster ... 5 15 —
IBootle — Peters, Shopkeeper 3 40 —
Crosby Miss Gilles, Repository 3 0 —
Waveiti'ee. . .Mr. Rigby, Shopkeeper 4 0 —
I Woolton — Ball,' Shopkeeper 3 0 —
Old Swan ... — Hoult, Old Swan Inn ... 3 45 —
VWest Derby.. — Westmore, Shopkeeper.. 3 15 —
{N. Brighton. . — Williams, Albion House, 2 45 —
Egremont ... — Dewhurst, Church-street, 3 30 —
Seacombe ... — Hill, Victoria-road 3 55 —
Aigburth — Cockbum 3 30 —
Kenyon — Leather, Lane-end 9 Oa.m.
Huyton — Broadhui-st, Shopkeeper, 3 15 p.m.
APPENDIX. 23:
THE POST OFFICE KECEIVING HOUSES.
Situations. Receivers. Letters sent to Gen. Office at
P.M. P.M.
4, Gt. Howard-street.Mr. Bark 114.5 a.m. ..4 0&8 0
1 , Regent-road — Sharrock. . . . 12 0 — ..41o&8l5
97, New Scotland-rd. — Hardistv 12 1-5 — .. 4 30 & 8 30
1, VauxbaU-road — Mucklow 12 30 p.m. .. 4 45 & 8 45
Exchange-buildiuss. .The News Room. . 12 45 — ..3 0&5 0
Kirkdale,37.Castle-st.Mr. Walker 11 45 a.m. . . 4 0 & 8 0
Everton,.3:3,Church-st. — Walsh 12 0 — ..415&815
83, Low-hill — Watson 12 15 P.M . . . 4 30 & 8 30
68, London road — UnderhiU ... 12 30 — ., 4 45 & 8 45
Lime-street The Railway Stu. 12 35 — .. 4 50 & 8 50
67, Church-street Mr. H. Marcus . . 12 45 — 3 0 5 0 & 9 0
^ (?p:S ChJrch) 1- - ^--^1^ 11 45 A.M. . . 4 0 & 8 0
256, Falkner-street .. — Garlick 12 0 — . . 4 15 & 8 15
30, Oxford-street — Titherington. 12 15 p.m. .. 4 30 & 8 30
Harrington, 2 Mill-st. — Balderston . . 12 30 — ,. 4 45 & 8 45
42,Ben-y-street — Davies 12 45 — ..5 0&9 0
73, Park-road — Pearson 3 45
The Post-office Receiving Houses are Closed on Sundays.
Postage Stamps are sold at the General Post Office, and at the
Penny Post Offices, and Post Office Receiving Houses, Labels at
Id. and 2d. each, Covers at l^d. and 2^d. each.
STEAM NAVIGATION.
When the hoiir of sailing is not specified, it is generally a short
time before high water. The most accurate and cheapest Liver-
pool Tide Tables, are in the Liverpool Commercial Almanack,
published annually, at 74, South Castle-street, containing 72 pages,
price 6d.
Steam Boats sail from Geoege's Pier, for
Runcorn. — Daily, 2i hours before high water. Offices, Mann
Island.
Eastham. — Summer, at 6, 8, and 11, a.m.; i-past 1, 3, 5, and
7, p.m. Winter, 8 and 11, a.m. ; 3 and 5, p.m. "Office, Mrs. Dod's,
James'-street.
JHonk's Ferry. — Twenty minutes before the starting of the
trains of the Birkenhead and Chester Railway.
Rock Ferry, Birkenhead, and TFoo^Zstde.— Every half hour.
Feom south end Prixce's Parade or North Piek of
George's Basix, for
Seacomhe and Egremont. — Every half hour.
New Brighton. — Every hour during the summer.
Amlwch. — Windermere, every Tuesday morning, from George's
Pier. Elizabeth Winder, Upper Pownall-street.
Annan , Dumfries, Carlisle, and MTiitehaven. — Royal Victoria
three times a fortnight, from Clarence Dock. J, D. Thompson,
35, Water-street.
238 APPENDIX.
Beaumaris, Bangor, and Menai Bridge. — Erin go Bragh,
Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Samuel Peiry, Water-street.
Beaumaris, Bangor, Menai Bridge and Carnarvon. — Snow-
don and Benledi, in summer, Men., Wed., and Friday, at j-past 10 ;
winter, twice a week. R. Roberts, Canton-buildings, Water-street.
Belfast. — Atlilone, Wednesday, two hoars before high water.
Samuel Perry, Water-street.
Belfast. — Keindeer and Falcon, Monday and Friday, from
Clarence Dock. Langtrys and Co., 20, Water-street.
Carlisle and Annan. — Newcastle, thi'ee times a fortnight, calling
otf Whitehaven and Maryport. H. Halton, 31, Water-street.
Chester. — Dairy Maid, Wednesday and Saturday, from Trafal-
gar Dock. Charles Davison, 9, James'-street.
CoZe?'aiwe.— Coleraine, Monday, to Port Rush, Lame, and
Giant's Causeway. J. A. and R. Forshaw, G, Goree Piazzas.
Conway. — The Oswald, Monday and Thur3.,from George's Pier.
Cork. — Prince of Wales, every Wednesday, from Clarence Basin.
J. Brebner, 20, Water-street.
Cork. — Ocean and Erin, Tuesday and Saturday, St. George
Steam-packet Company, Clarence Dock.
Down Patrick and Strangford Lough.— Eclipse, every Sat.,
from Trafalgar Dock, T. M'Tear, 15, Water-streel.
Down Patrick and Strangford Lough. — Warrington, once a
fortnight. Glover and Thorpe, India-buildings, "Water-street.
Douglas. — H. M. Royal Mail Steam Packets, King Orry, Queen
of the Isle, and Mona's Isle, twice a week in winter, about high
water; in summer, daily, at half-past 10 o'clock, from George's
Pier. Moore and Christian, 7, Strand-street.
Drogheda. — Grana Ueile, Irishman, Green Isle, Fair Trader,
and Town of Drogheda, daily, from the Clarence Dock. Patrick
Tern an, 25, Water-street.
Dublin.—^. M. Royal Mail Steam-packets, Medusa, Merlin,
Urgent, and Medina, for Kingstown, every morning, at 6, from
Birkenhead, to which passengers are conveyed by the tender Red-
wing, at |-past 5 ; Com. T. Bevis,5, India-buildings., Water-st.
Dublin. — The City of Dublin Steam-packet Company's first
class vessels. Queen Victoiia, Prince, and Princess, every evening
at 7 o'clock, from George's Pier to Kingstown Hai-bour, with Her
Majesty's Mail and Cabin Passengers only; and second-class
Steam-packets, with goods and passengers, about 2 hours before
high water, daily, (Sunday excepted.) Samuel Perry, Water-st.
Dumfries, direct. — Nithsdale, twice a week in summer, and once
in Avinter. John Rae, Rhodes'-buildings, South Castle-street,
Dundalk. — Fin M'Coul, and Glasgow, Wednesday and Saturday,
James Metge, 31, Water-street.
Galloway. — Countess of Galloway, summer twice, and winter
once a week, for Kirkcudbright, Garliestown, and Wigtown,
alternately. A. Laurie and Co., 11, King-street.
Greenock Sf- Glasgow. — Admiral and Commodore, from Clarence
Dock, three times a fortnight. D. M'lver and Co., 12, Water-st.
Greenock and Glasgow. — Achilles and Fire King, from Clarence
Dock, three times a fortnight. Martin and Co., 7, Water-st.
Greenock 4' Glasgov:. — Princess Royal, and Royal George, from
Clarence Dock, three times a fortnight. J Brebner, 20, Water-st.
Lancaster. — Duchess of Lancaster, from Clarence Dock, twice
a week. William Dowson aud Son. 8, Goree Piazzas.
Londonderry. — Robert Napier and Isabella Napier, and Maiden
City, Tuesday aud Friday, at the morning tide, from the Clairence
Dock. "VT. Moore, 35, Water-street.
Maryport, Kirkcudbright, and Isle of Whithorn. — Warrington,
twice a week. Glover and Thorpe, India Buildings, Water-street.
Maryport.— ^ee Carlisle.
Mostyn. — Taliesiu and Black Diamond, Tuesday, Thursday,
and Saturday. Office, Holyhead Tavern, Chapel-street.
Xeury. — Lee and Severn, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday,
from Clarence Dock. St. George Steam Packet Company, Cla-
rence Dock : or T. 3I'Tear, 15, Water-street.
Preston. — Tuesday, Thursday, and Satui-day, from George's
Dock Basin. J. M. Nelson, 4, Georges Dock Gates.
Rhyl. — The Benledi, in summer, thrice, and in winter, once a
week. R. Roberts, Cantou-buildings, 13, Water-street.
Swansea, Jlilford, and Bristol. — Troubadour, every Saturday.
T. M'Tear, Water-street.
Ulverston. — Windermere, ^vith passengers only, smnmer thrice,
and winter, once a week. E. Winder, Upper PownaU-street.
Waterford. — WiDiam Penn or Gipsy, from Clarence Dock,
every Tuesday. Ai-cher,Daly and Co., 2*, Cook-street.
Wexford. — Warrington, on Tuesday and Wednesday, alter-
nately. Glover and Thorp, India-buildings, Water-sti-eet.
Wexford. — Town of Wexford, from Trafalgar Dock, every
Tuesday. T. M'Tear, 15. Water- street.
TTldtehaven. — Eai-1 of Lonsdale and Countess of Lonsdale,
summer, thi-ee times, and winter, twice a week, from Trafalgar
Dock. William Dowsou and Son, 8, Goree Piazzas.
Boston and Halifax. — The Hibemia, Britannia, Acadia, Cale-
donia, or Columbia, the 4Lh and 19th of every month, except in
Dec, Jan., Feb., and March, when they sail on the 4th only. D.
and C. M'lver, 12, Water-street.
New York. — The Great Western, alternately from this port aud
Bristol.
RAILWAY INFORMATION.
GRAXD JUNCTION.
From Liverpool and Manchester to Birmingham.
H. M. H. M.
3 30 a.m. First Class joins London Train at 8 30 a.m.
6 0 a.m. Mixed Class joins London Train at 12 Ouoon
8 15 a.m. Fu-st Class joins London Train at 1 15 p.m.
and Derby Train at 1 0 p.m.
10 .30 a.m. First Class joins London Train at 4 0 p.m.
and Derby Train at 3 30 p.m.
1 0 p.m. First Class.
4 45 p.m. Mixed.
*7 0 p.m. First Class joins London Train at 12 Onight
and Derby Train at 12 40 a.m.
The 3h 30m a.m. Train from Liverioool starts from the Station
at Edge-hill only.
210
APPENDIX.
On Sundays the Departures tvill he
3 30 a.m. First Class joins Loudou Train at 8 30 a.m.
8 15 a.m. Mixed Class joins London Train at ... . 1 30 a.m.
10 30 a.m. Mixed Class
*7 0 p.m. Mixed Class joins London Train at 12 Onight
To Derby, First Class passengers only.
The Trains on Sundays stop at the First Class Stations only.
* No private carriages or horses can be conveyed by the 7 p.m.
departure from Liverpool and Manchester.
By the Trains 8 15 a.m.
„ „ 10 30 a.m.
„ „ 7 0 p.m.
TO LONDON
on week
days
f and at 8
1 " '
15a.m.
0p.m.
Sundays
TO DEEBT, NOTTINGHAM, AND THE MIDLAND COUNTIES
FROM LIVERPOOL.
30 a.m. Mail Train.
0 a.m. 2nd Class Train
15 a.m. Ist Class Train
10 30 a.m. Mail Train
4 0 p.m. Mixed Train
7 0 p.m. Mail Train
Fares.— 1st Class, 28s.; 2nd Class, 20s. 6d. ; one horse, £"2 18s. ;
two, £4: lis. ; three, £6 4s. Carnages, £'4 4s. each.
First Class Passengers, Horses and Carriages, wUl, if required
be booked throughout from Liverpool and Manchester only, to
London, without change of can-iage at Binningham.
Fares betiveen Liverpool or Manchester and Birmingham.
Four Inside Coach. ..£1 7 6
Six Inside 1st Class do. 16 0
2ndClasscloseCarriage 0 18 0
3rd Class open Carriage
by 6 a.m. Train from
L'pl. or Man., (book-
ing to 1st Class Sta-
tions only) 0 13 0
Passengers in Private
Carriages 0 18 0
Children under 10 yrs, half price.
Children in anns, free.
One Horse £2
Two Horses 3
Three Ditto 4
Dogs, each 0
Cai-riages, four wheels . . 3
Ditto , two wheels ... 2
Grooms in Charge of Horses,
if with them in the box.
Servants in attendance on
their employers, may go
in First Class Trains at
Second Class Fares
0 14
0 18
Fares from Liverpool or Manchester to London, when hooked
throughout as above.
G. J. L. & B. TOTAL.
Mail Trains.— Six Inside Coach£l 6 0 — £1 10 0— £2 16 0
Ditto. Four Inside do. 1 7 6 — 1 10 0 — 2 17 6
Ditto, night. Six Inside do. 1 6 0 — 1 12 6 — 2 18 6
Ditto. „ Four] Inside do. 176— 1 12 6— 30 0
Other Trains.— Six Inside do. 1 4 6— I 10 0 — 2 14 6
Ditto. Four Inside do. 1 7 6 — 1 10 0 — 2 17 6
Ditto, night. Six Inside do. 1 4 6 — 1 12 6 — 2 17 0
Ditto. „ Four Inside do. 176—1126—3 00
APPENDIX.
241
LIVEPvPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.
The following are the times of departure from Lime-street,
Liverpool, and from Liverpool-road, Manchester : —
From Liverpool to Manchester .
First Class. Second Class.
3 15 Morning.
8 45 „
11 0
3 30 Aftern., .
7 30 E vening
7 0 Morning
9 45 „
2 15 Aftern.
5 15 „
, 7 30 Mixed.
Stopping only at Huyton Gate,
KainhUI, St. Helens' Junction.
Newton, Parkside, and Keuyon
Junction.
From Mauchester to Liverpool,
First Class. Second Class.
3 30 Morning.. 7 15 Morning
9 0 „ ..10 0
11 15 „ . . 2 30 Aftern.
3 45 Aftern., . . 5 30 „
7 30 ,. . . 7 30 Mixed.
Stopping only at Patricroft,
Bury-kue, Bolton Junction,
Parkside, Newton, and St.
Helens' Junction.
On Sundays.
From Liverpool to Manchester.
First Class, Second Class,
3 15 Morning, hy Parkside.
7 30 Morning.
5 15 Afternoon.
7 30 Evening. . 7 30 Mixed.
Stopping as on other days.
From Manchester to Liverpool.
First Class. Second Class.
3 30 Morning, by Parkside.
7 3U Morning.
5 30 Afternoon
7 30 Evening. . 7 30 Mixed.
Stopping as on other days.
FARES.
By First Class Train, Four Inside, Royal Mail 6s. 6d,
Ditto, Six Inside Glass Coaches 6 0
By Second Class Train, Glass Coaches 6 0
Ditto Open Carriages 4 6
Four-wheeled Carriages, 20s. each. — Two-wheeled ditto, 15s. each.
Horses. — For One Horse, 14s, — Two Horses, 20s. — Thi-ee
Horses, 24s.
TO PRESTON AND WIGAN.
From Liverpool.
3 15 Morning, 1st Class Train
From Manchester.
3 30 Momins, 1st Class Train
8 45
11 0 ;;
2 30 Aftern.
4 45 „
7 30
Mixed do.
First Class do.
Second Class do.
Mised do.
Fh-st Class do.
9 0
11 15
2 45 Aftern.
5 0
7 30
Mixed do.
Fii-st Class do.
Second Class do.
Mixed do.
Fii-st Class do.
3 15 Morning, 1st Class Train
7 30 „ Mised do.
4 45 Afternoon, do. do.
7 30 „ First Class do.
Fares to Preston
„ Wigan
On Sundays.
3 30 Morning, 1st Class Train
7 30 „ Mixed do.
4 45 Afternoon, do. do.
7 30 „ First Class do.
First Class, 7s. 6d.— Second Class, 5s. Od.
OS. Od. „ 3s. 6d.
242
APPENDIX.
TO FLEETWOOD AND POULTON.
From Livei-pool.
8 45 Morning, Mixed Train.
2 .30 Afternoon, do.
From Manchester.
9 0 Momin,?, Mixed Train.
2 45 Afternoon, do.
On Sundayiy.
7 30 Morning, Mixed. | 7 30 Morning, Mixed.
Fares to Fleet^vood— First Class, 12s. 6d.— Second Class,
Poulton ,, lis. 6d.
TO LANCASTER
From Liverpool.
3 15 Morning, 1st Class Train
8 45 „ Mixed do.
II 0 „ First Class do.
2 30 Aftern. Second Class do.
4 45 „ Mixed do.
Fares.— First Class, 13s. (
Carriages. — Four wheels, 42s
Horses. — For one Horse, 21s. — Two Horses, 40s
Three Horses, 48s.
From Manchester.
3 30 Morning, 1st Class Train
9 0 „ Mixed do.
11 15 „ First Class do.
2 45 Aftern. Second Class do.
5 0 „ Mixed do.
id.— Second Class, 9s. Od.
. 6d.— Two wheels, 30s. each-
From Liverpool.
8 45 Morning, 1st Class Train
2 30 Afternoon, Second do.
5 30 „ do. do.
TO BOLTON.
From Manchester.
9 0 ]\Ioming, 1st Class Train
2 45 Afternoon, Second do.
5 30 „ do. do.
On Stmdays.
7 30 Morning, 2nd Class Train
4 45 Afternoon, do. do.
Fares from Liverpool — Inside, 5s, 6d. — Outside, 4s.; and from
Manchester, 2s. 6d. and 2s.
7 30 Morning 2nd Class Train
4 45 Afternoon, do, do.
TO ST. HELENS.
From Liverpool.
7 0 Morning, 2nd Class Train
9 45 „ do.
2 0 Afternoon, do.
5 30 „ do.
From Manchester.
7 15 Morning,2nd Class Train
10 0 „ do.
2 0 Afternoon, do.
2 45 „ do.
5 30 „ do.
On Sundays.
7 30 Morning, 2nd Class Train I 7 30 Morning, 2nd Class Train
4 45 Afternoon, do. | 4 45 Afternoon, do.
Fares from Livei-pool — Inside, 2s. 6d. — Outside, 2s. ; and from
Manchester, 4s. and 3s.
APPENDIX. 243
CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD.
TO CHESTER,
From Grange Lane Station, Birkenhead.
MOEXING. AKTERXOON.
At +7 o'clock.
20 minutes past 8 o'clock.
20 „ „ 10 „
10 minutes before 1 o'clock.
10 >, „ 4
15 ., „ 7 „ or
immediately on arrival of mail,
tlO minutes before 8 oclock.
On Sundays.
10 minutes before 9 o'clock. I 15 minutes before 7 o'clock, or
I immediately on arrival of mail.
The Steamer sails from George" s Pier for the Railway, twenty
minutes before the starting of the train.
TO BIRKENHEAD.
From Brook-street Station, Chester.
MORNING, AFTERNOON,
+* At 5 oclock, I At 1 o'clock.
Half-past 8 „ Half-past .3 „
Half-past 10 „ I 15 minutes past 6 „ or
I irmnediately on arrival of mail,
I at +8 o'clock
On Sundays.
* At 5 o'clock. I At 8 o'clock.
„ 10 „ I
* Mail Trains will not stop on the Road.
All the above Trains, except those marked *, are Mixed Trains,
and will stop at Sutton, Hooton, Eebbington, and Mollington
Stations.
The departures of 3rd Class Carriages will be confined to trains
marked thus (t) except on Sundays, when they will be attached to
all the trains,
A Steam-packet will wait the arrival of the Train to convey
Passengers and Produce to Liverpool.
FARES.
From Birkenhead 1st Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class.
To Chester 3s. 6d. 2s. 6d. Is. 6d,
Bebbington 10 0 9 0 6
Hooton 16 10 0 9
Sutton 19 13 0 9
Mollington 3 6 2 6 16
From Chester
To Mollington 10 0 9 0 6
Birkenhead 3 6 2 6 16
Sutton 19 13 0 9
Hooton 2 0 16 10
Bebbington 3 6 2 6 16
244 APPENDIX.
Children above Three Years old, and under Ten, Half Fare.
Carriages, 4 wheels, 15s. — 2 wheels, 10s. — 1 Horse, 6s. — 2
Horses, 10s.
The charge for the Ferry, in addition to the above, is 2d., for
passengers of all classes. Omnibuses are provided between
Monks' FeiTy and Grange Lane, fare '3d. each.
Passengers and Parcels booked at the Eailway-office, James'-
street, Livei-pool, or at Grange Lane Station, Birkenhead.
CHESTER AND CREWE,
FROM CHESTEE.
*IMail 4 15 a.m., to meet 3 30 a.m. train from L'pl. & Man.
FirstClassll 30 „ „ 10 30 „
Mixed 5 0p.m. „ 4 Op.m.Trainfrm.do. &4 30p.m.
Train from Binn.
*Mail 7 50 p.m. „ 7 0p.m. Train from L'pL & Man.
FROM CREWE.
*Mail 4 15 a.m. on arriv. of 1 45 a.m. Train from Binning.
Mixed 9 0 „ „ 6 0., Trains from L'pool.
Man.& Birmingham.
First Class 2 0 p.m. „ 1130 „ Train from Bii-ming.
Mail 5 15 „ „ 2 45 p.m.
Horses and Carriages wiU not be conveyed by the Trains
marked thus *.
The 3Iail Trains only run on Sundays.
Fares — Chester to Crewe, os. and 4s. —Chester to Birmingham,
18s. and I4s.— Chester to Manchester, 10s. and 7s.
COACHES-
Ormskirk. — From the Mitre Inn, Dale-street, every afternoon
at 5 p.m. summer, and 4 p.m. in winter, except on Sundays and
Thursdays.
Oemskirkand Preston.— From Atkinson's, Scotland-road,
at 7 a.m., Sundays excepted.
Ormskirk and Southport. — From the Saracen's Head,
Dale-street, daily, at 4 p.m., Sundays excepted.
SoTJTHPORT Royal Mail, from the Saracen's Head, Dale-street,
at a quarter before 8 every morning.
St. Helens. — From "the Crown Vaults, London-road, at 5
p.m., daily.
OMNIBUSES.
AiGBURTH AXD ToxTETH Paek. — From the Exchange at
9|, 10, and 12 a.m., and \-2\, U, 2, 3, 4, 4i, 4^, 4|, 5, oj, 7|, and 8
p.m. On Sundays at If, 2, 3,~8, and 8J p.m.
BooTLE, Seaforth, WATERLOO, AND Ceosby. — From the
Angel Hotel, Dale-street, every half-houi- duiiug summer, and
every hour during winter, from 9 in the mommg to 9 in the
evening, (Sudays excepted.)
Edge Hill.— From the Exchange at 9i a.m., 1, 4^, and b\
p.m., (Sundays excepted.)
APPENDIX. 245
EvERTOX. — From tLe Exchange at 9^ a.m , and 4J, and 5^
p.m., (Sundays excepted.)
EvERTox AND KiKKDALE. — From the Exchange at QJ a.m.,
4, 5, and 7 p.m.
KiRKDALE AND WALTON.— From the Exchange at 9J a.m.,
4|, and 7 p.m.
Old Swan and Knotty Ash.— From the Angel Hotel, Dale-
street, and the Exchange, at 11 a.m., 2, 4i, 5, 7, and 8 p.m.
Prescot. — From the Grapes Imi, Liine-street, every evening
at 5 p.m.
Prescot. — From the Stanley Arms, London-road, every even-
ing at 5 p.m.
Wavertkee, Woolton, and Gateacre. — From the Exchange
though Clayton-square, at 9.f a.m., 2, 4J, oh, and 7k p.m. On Sun-
days, from "Claj-ton-square, at 10 a.m., 2, 2^, 7, and 9 p.m.
Wavertree. — From the Exchange at 9J a.m., 2, 5, and 7 p.m.
West Derby and Zoological Gardens. — From the George
Inn, Dale-street, at lOj a.m., 4|, and 8 p.m. On Sundays at 11
a.m., and 8 p.m.
There are also omnibuses from the principal hotels to the EaU-
way and Steam-packets.
CANAL PACKETS.
Bootle, Crosby, &c., from the Canal Basin, back Leeds-
street, during the summer at 8 a.m., and at 1, 4J, and 6 p.m.,
daily, except Sundays, when they go at 8 a.m., and 2 p.m. Dui-ing
winter at If, 4^ and 6 p.m., daily.
Aintree every evening at 6, in summer; in winter at 4^ p.m.,
except Sundays.
LIST OF PEINCIPAL HOTELS IN LIVEEPOOL,
Adelphi, Eanelagh-place ; Angel, Dale-street ; British, Moor-
fields; Belvedere, South Castle-street; Brunswick, Hanover-st.,
Castle, Clayton-square ; Clayton Arms, Clayton-square ; " The
Derby," West Derby-road; Dolphin, Claytoii-square ; Feathers,
Clayton-square; George, Dale-street; Grecian, Dale-sti-eet ; Mer-
sey, Old Church-yard ; Neptune, Clayton-square ; Eainbow, Bas-
nett-street; Eoyal, Moorfields; Stork, Queen-square; Talbot,
Great Charlotte-street; Union, Clayton-square; Waterloo, Eane-
lagh-street ; Wellington, Dale-street.
Besides these, there are many other highly respectable establish-
ments in the neighbourhood of the railway station and coach-
offices.
246
APPENDIX,
COACH AND CAR FARES,
CAR FARE TWO-THIRDS OF COACH.
FROM GEORGE'S PIER, TO
Coach
Fares.
S d
Abercromby-sq. (east end).. 2 6
Adelphi hotel 1 6
Ange] hotel 1 0
Bedford-st.,Brownlow-hill..2 0
Falkner-street ..26
Botanic garden 3 6
Boundary-place, London-rd.2 6
Byrom-sti-eet 1 6
Canal-packet Sta., Leeds-st.l 6
Cattle Market ....4 6
Cemetery (St. James') north
entrance 2 0
Clarence Dock c 2 0
Clayton-square 1 6
Cleveland-square 1 6
Coburg Dock 2 6
Crown-street, Brownlow-hill2 6
Up. Parliament-st.3 0
Custom-house 1 0
Duke-street, end Suffolk-st..l 0
end GT;. Georgest..2 0
Duke's-place, Wapping .... 1 6
Edge-hill Coffee-house 3 0
Everton village, (centre) 2 6
St. Domingo house ..3 6
St. George's Church.. 3 6
Eairfield 3 6
Falkner-terrace, Upper Par-
liament-street 2 6
Gilead-house, Kensington ..3 0
Great George-square 2 0
Hopesti-eet, Hardman-st ..2 0
Infirmary 2 6
Islington Market ,1 6
King's Monmt., London-rd.l 6
Ku'kdale, (Stretch's) 3 6
Lodge-lane, Smithdo\vn-lane3 0
to Roperies 3 6
Low-hill 2 6
Marybone,topGt.Crosshl.-st.l 6
Moss-street, London-road ..2 0
Mount Vernon, Prescot-st ..2 6
Necropolis, Low-hill 3 0
Newsham-house 3 6
North Sh. (Townson's-mill)2 6
FROM GEORGE'S PIER, TO
Coach
Fares.
S d
Old Swan 5 0
Parliament-st., Queen's Dk.2 0
Plumbe's-hall 3 6
Railway Station, Lime-streetl 6
"Wapping..! 6
Richmond-row,Scotlaud-pla.2 0
end St. Anne-street2 0
Rodney-st., Mount-pleasant.2 0
Roscommon-st.jGt. Hom.-st.2 6
upper end.... 3 0
Royal hotel 1 0
Russell-st., Brownlow-hiU ..2 0
Sandhills Bridge 4 0
Saracen' s-head Inn 1 6
Scotland-rd.jto St. Anthony's
Chapel 2 6
Shaw-street, Islington 2 0
Soho-street, Richmond-row.2 0
Islington 2 0
Spekelauds (west gate) ... .3 0
St. Anne-street, Islington ..2 0
Richmond-row.. 2 0
St. James' Market 2 0
St. Luke's Church 2 0
St. Martins Market 2 0
St. Michael's Church, Pitt-st.I 6
St. Pati-ick's Ch., St. James'2 6
Town-haU 1 0
Toxteth-park, High-park
Cofifee-house 3 0
St. John Baptist's Ch.3 0
Alfred-place 3 6
Park Chapel 3 6
St. Michael's Church4 6
Otterspool 5 0
Tue-brook 5 0
Up. Parlmt.-st.,endHope-st.2 6
end Crown-st.3 0
Vauxhall-rd.endGt.0xfd.-st.3 0
Walton-road, to Skirving's. .4 6
Wapping, Duke's-place ....1 6
Waterloo hotel 1 6
Williamson-square 1 6
Zoological Gardens 3 0
APPENDIX. 247
FROM RAILWAY STATION, , FROM RAILWAY STATION,
LIME-STREET, TO
LIME-STREET, TO
Coach
Coach
Fares.
Fares.
S d
S d
Abercromby-square 1 6
Gt. Oxford-st. N., south end.2 0
Adelphihotel 1 0
north end.2 0
Allerton (Mr. Cleggs) 5 6
Highfield-house, Old-swan.. 5 0
Angel hotel 1 0
Hope-street to Canning-st. . .1 6
Beacon' s-gutter 2 6
to L p. Parliament-st.2 0
Bedford-street, north of
Kensington, to Mr. Carver'sl 6
Abercrombv-squai-el 6
Kirkdale (Stretch's) 2 6
south of ditto 2 0
Knotty-ash 5 0
Bold-street 1 0
Low-hill 1 6
Bootle lower road, south end3 0
Moss-st., Islington-square ..10
First Toll-bar ....3 6
Mount-pleasant,endHope-st.l 6
Rimrose hotel ....5 6
Necropolis, Low-hiU 1 6
Botanic garden 2 6
Old Swan 4 0
Boundarv-st.,Kirkdale-road,
Oxford-street, Crown-street.2 0
end of 2 6
Park-lane, end Kent-street. . 1 6
Pembroke-pl.,endAshton-st.l 0
Breck-la., end Whitefield-la.2 6
Prince's Dock, (centre gate)2 0
Queen's Arms hotel 1 6
Brook-house, Smithdown-la.3 6
Brownlow-st., end Brown-
Queen's Dock, ISorfolk-st.. .2 0
low-hill 16
Ptailway Station, Wapping. .2 0
Brunswick dock (centre) ..2 6
Rodney-street, Duke-street.. 1 6
Canal-packetStation,Leeds-stl 6
Roscommon-st., bottom end.l 6
Cattle Alarket ... 36
Vpthprfiplrl rnad South 9 0
ScoUand-place 1 0
Seacombe slip 1 6
ChildwaU 6 0
Clarence dock (centre gate).2 6
Shaw-street, Islington 1 6
Smithdown-la.,endLodge-la.2 6
Clavton-square 1 0
Custom-house 1 6
Spekelands 2 6
Duke-st., end Hanover-st. . . 1 0
St. James' Market 1 6
endBeriy-st 1 6
St. Martin's Market 1 6
£dge-hiU Cotfee-house 2 0
St. Michael's Church, Pitt-st.l 6
Everton-vUlage, west end ..16
Town-hall 1 6
Brow, end of Netherfield
Toxteth-park, High-park
road South 1 6
Coffee-house 2 6
The Dingle 3 6
Crescent 1 6
Netherfield-road,S.end.2 0
St. Michael's Church ..4 0
Ditto, North end. 2 6
Falkner-st., end Bedford-st.l 6
Tue-brook 3 6
Walton-road, to Skirving's. .3 6
Fox-st.,end Gt. Homer-st..l 6
Walton Village 4 0
George' s-pier = 1 6
Warwick-street, Park-road. .2 0
Gilead-house, Kensington ..2 0
Waterloo hotel 1 0
Grinfield-st., Smithdown-la.2 0
Great George-st., St. Jas.-st.l 6
Gt. Homer-st.,endofFox-st.l 6
Wavertree .... . . 40
Williamson-square 1 0
GreatMersey-st.,Kirkdale..2 6
Zoological Gardens 2 0
248
APPENDIX.
COUNTRY FARES, FROM THE STAND IN CASTLE-STREET.
Names of Places. Miles.
A igburth-L all 4|
Allerton-hall 5|
Anfield 3
Ashfield 4i
Barlow's Strawberry
Garden 2 J
Black Bull, Warbreck
Moor 4|
Bootle CofFee-liouse 3|
Bootle ToU-bar 2|
Broad-green 4|
Brook-farm 2|
ChildwaU 5
Crosby, Little
Crosby, Great
Croxteth 5|
Derbv-road, Bibby's-lane
Derby Town 4^
Eaton-house or Lodge. .4|
Everton Coffee-house ..l|
Fairfield 2|
Fazakerly b%
Finch-House 6f
Fir-grove 4
Garston of
Gilead-house
Green-bank 3 J
Halewood-green
Hazels U
Highfield-house 4|
Huy ton 7|
Ince-hall
Jericho 3^
Kirkby Chapel
Kirkdale Coffee-house. .
Knowslev-hall 8^
Coach
tares ■
s d
6 0
8 0
4 6
6 6
3 6
6 6
5 0
3 6
6 6
3 6
7 0
14 0
12 0
8 0
5 6
6 0
6 0
2 6
3 0
8 0
8 0
6 0
8 0
3 0
4 6
10 0
10 0
fi 0
10 0
16 0
5 0
12 0
3 0
11 0
Names of Places.
Coach
Miles. Fares.
s d
Lark-hill or Mill-hiU ..3^ 4 6
Liuacre 4| 5 6
Linacre ToU-bar 3| 5 0
Litherland 5 7 0
Livesley'sbou3e&Breck2 3 0
Lowhill lA 2 0
MaghuU 7| 10 0
May-place 5 0
Meiling 12 0
Mosley-hill 4 5 6
Xewsham-house 2^ 3 6
Norris-green 4 6 0
Oak-hill 5 6
OldEoan 6 8 0
Old Swan ....31 5 0
Orrell 4| 6 6
Park Cofiee-house ....2| 3 0
Park Chapel 2| 3 6
Plumbe"s-haU 3 6
Prescot 81 11 0
Roby 5| 8 0
Rock-house 2| 3 6
Round-house 4+ 6 6
Seaforth-house 4| 6 6
Sephton 8 11 0
Speke 9 12 0
Spekelauds 3 0
St. Domingo 2 3 6
Summer-hill 7 0
Vernon' s-haU 1| 3 0
Walton, Town 3| 4 0
AValton-hall 4^ 5 6
Waterloo 7 6
Waverti-eeCofiee-hous6..3^ 4 6
Wheat-hUl 8 6
Woolton 6 8 0
;ar fares two-thirds of the above.
APPEXDIX. 249
i
1 LIST OF
THE PLACES OF WORSHIP, CLERGYMEN, «fcc.,
IX LITEEPOOL AXD ITS ENTIEOXS.
ESTABLISHED CHUKCH,
In the Order of the Date of Consecration.
CHUiCHES.
CLERGTJIEX. CURATES, ETC.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. A. E. 1!
St. X-xholas', Eev. A. CampbeU,
Eev. C.T. Wilson, loi 2# — ||
ChcpeUst.
A.M., Kector.
A. M. T. MacgiU.
St Peter's,
Jonathan Brooks,
T.Halton,&J.G.
lOi 3 6*
Church-st.
A.M., Eector.
Headlam, A.M.
St. George's,
J. B. Monk, A.M.
T. G.Leigh, A.M.
11 3 —
Ccstle-st.
St. Ihomas",
J.C. Prince, A.M.
T.L. Pain, A.M.
11 - 6i
Paik-lane.
St. PluIs,
J.H.Stafiford^A.M
J. Jackson, even-
11 3 —
St.Iaul s-sq.
Pi. Davies, A.M.
ing lecturer.
W. Hughes, do.
^Velsh, 6
St. Ame's, Gt.
Richnond-st.
W. D. Blundell,
A.M.
lOi- 61
St Join's,
R. Loxham,A.M.
T. Stringer, A.M.
11 3 —
Haynarket.
T. Moss, A.M.
J.E. Wentworth,
Trinitv
Thos.Bibby,A.M.
A.M.
10|3i -
St. 'Anne-it.
St. Steihen's,
T.S.Ackland,A.B.
loj- H
Byron^t.
St. Mathew's,
J.L.Figgins,A.B.
lOi - 6i
Key^.
Christ,
F. Ould, A.M.
— HiU, A.M.
lOi- 6i
Hunl3r-st.
St James', r/?r.
H.Hampton,A.M
H. Berkeley ,A.B.
11 - 6i
1 Parliamentst
All Sairts,
A.M'Conkey,A.M
J.X. PeiU,B.D.
101 _ 61
G^osisnor-sf.
St Maik's,
Ed. Blacow,A.M.
B. A.MarshaU,
lOf- 61
Duke^t.
A.B.
St Maiy's,
F. Barker, A.M.
IQi 3 6|
Edge-hill.
St Gen-ge's,
Wm. "W. Ewbank,
J. Bush, A.B.
10|- 61
i't-erfort.
A.B.
250
APPENDIX.
ESTABLISHED CHURCH.
CHURCHES. CLERGYMEN. CURATES, ETC.
National school
in con. with
St. George's.
St. Andrew's,
Renshaw-st.
St. Philip's,
Hardman-st.
St. Mary's
school for the
Blind.
Hothamst.
i
StMichael'
Up, Pitt-st
St. David's
Brownlow-h.
St. Martin's in
the Fields,
Gt.Oxford-st.
St. Augustine's,
Shawst.
St. Bride's,
Percy-st.
St. Luke's,
Berry-st.
St. Jude's, icw
hill.
St. Catharine's,
Abercromby-sq
St. John the
Baptist,Par^
road.
St. Matthias,
Love-la., Gt,
Howardst.
St. Simon's,
Gloucester-st.
St. Saviour's,
Falkner-sq.
St. Barnabas,
Parliamentst
St. Silas,
Pembroke-pl.
St. Thomas,
Warvcick-st.
John Jones, A.M.
Rd.L.Townsend,
A.M.
E.Hull, A.M.
H. Carpenter,
A.B.
Cyrus MorraU,
A.M.
C. T. Gladwin,
LL.B.
Cecil Wrav, A.M.
T. Tattershall,
D.D.
Jas. H. Stewart,
A.M.
T. Hornby, A.M.
C. W. Lawrence,
A.M.
Hugh M'Neile,
A.M.
J. North, A. M.
J. Hassall, A.M.
E. Spencer, A.M.
John B. Connor,
A.M.
Prince Crawford,
A.M.
T. Nolan, A.M.
John Cordeaux,
A.M.
Walter Butler,
A.M.
■ Crowther,A.B.
D. H. Morice,
A.B.
HOURS OF
SEETICE.
M. A. E.
10i3i -
11 — 6^
II 3 —
II — 6^
E. WhiQey, A.B.
E. P. Jones.
J. Blair, A.M.
A. Townsend,
A.M.
y\. Faloon,A.B.
C. Badham.A.B.
I0|
Welsh 9&3
Ei
101
:Dg.ii,6i
Of- 6i
II - 6i
II - 6i
II 3 —
lOJ— 6i
11 3 —
II — 6*
10^- 61
101- 6|
II — 6J
10^— 6i
II — 6J
II 3 6i
APPENDIX.
251
ESTABLISHED CHUECH.
CHCRCHES. CLERGYMEN. CURATES, ETC.
St. John Evan.
Hopes t.
St. Clement's
Up.Stanhope-st
St. Bartholo-
mew's,
Naylor-st.
Mariner's,
George's-dk.
"Workhouse,
Broicnlow-h.
Borough Gaol.
GtHoward-st.
"West Derby U.
Woi-khouse.
Mill-lane.
In the Neigh-
bourhood.
St. Mary's,
Kirkdale.
St. Mary's
Bootle.
St. Thomas',
Seaforth.
St. Michael's,
Crosby.
Christ Church,
Waterloo.
St. Mary's,
Walton.
St. Ann's,
Old Swan.
StJohnEvang.
Knotty Ash.
Derby Chapel.
Woolton.
Childwall.
Trinity,
Wavertree.
St. Ann's,
Aigburth.
St. Michael's,
ToxtethPark
St. Mary's,
Birkenhead.
R. Cai'gill, LL.B.
F. Parry, B.D.
G. Dover, A.M.
Wm. Maynard,
A.M.
Stephen Cragg,
A.M.
T. Carter, A.M.
T. Dwver, A.M.
D. James, A.M.
John Gladstone,
A.M.
W. Eawson, A.M.
E. B. Chalmer.
J. E.Bates, A.M.
T. Moss, A.M.
T. Gardner, A.M.
F. Green, A.B.
Rd.Blacow,A.M.
R.Leicester, A.M.
A.Campbell,A.M.
W. BadnaU,A.M.
Wm. J. Purdon.
Wm. Hesketh,
A.M.
Andrew Knox,
A.B.
R. Wilson, A.B.
W.Moriarty,A.M
A. J. Douglas,
A.M.
C. J. Hamilton,
A.M.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. A. E.
lOf- ^
lOf-
6|
m-
6*
lOi 3
—
11 —
6i
11 3
—
mn
10* -
11 3 —
11 — f>
252
APPENDIX.
ESTABLISHED CHURCH.
CHURCHES.
Trinity, North
Birkenhead.
St. Catherine's
U. Tranmere.
St. Peter's,
Rock Ferry.
Behbington.
Bidston
Wallasey
St. John's,
Egremont.
CLEEGXMEN.
CURATES, ETC.
HOURS OF
Joseph Baylee,
A.M.
Wm. Cleminson, M. Spencer, A.B.
.A.B.
T. F. Eedhead.
Pv. M. Fielden,
A.M.
Joshua Gate,
T. Byrth, D.D.
J. Tobin, A.M.
CHURCHES IN CONNEXION WITH THE
ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
CHURCHES.
MINISTERS.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. A. E.
Oldham-street.
Ptev.Jos.R. SVelsh.
11 3 —
St. Andrew's, Rodney-st.
„ John Paj-ke, A.M.
11 - el
St. Ve\.er's,Scotland-rd.
„ John Ferries.
Woodside.
„ John Gardner.
11 3 -
APPENDIX. 253
ROMAN CATHOLICS.
CHAPELS. CLERGY. HOURS OF SERVICE.
Sundays Sf Holidays. Daily.
St. Mary's
Ptev. T. Fisher.
MORN.
VESP.
A.M.
Edmund-st.
James Wilkinson.
"William Dale.
n 8i loi
3
8J -
St. Peter's,
J.F.Appleton,DD
Seel-street.
George CaldweU.
Thos. Margieson.
Richard Croft.
n H loi
3
74 8X
St. Nicholas'.
T. Youeus, D.D.,
Copperas-itill.
V.G.
Ptobert Gillow.
— Gillow.
8 9 10^
3
«4 -
St. Patrick's,
"William Parker.
8 9 11
4
84 -
Park-iilace.
Wm. Grayston.
J. Walmsley.
St. Anthony's,
Peter Wilcock.
Scotland-rd.
Ambrose Lennan.
Patrick PL Ian.
Jas. Fleetw ood.
7 8 9 11
6i
84 -
St. Werburg's,
"V\'m. Hendttrson.
Birkenhead.
St. Oswald's
John Maddocks.
Old Sivan.
Aigburth Ciiap.
Robert Prest.
Crosby, do.
J. H. Dowding.
Woolton, do.
"Workhouse, In-
John Dawber.
firmary, &c.
CATHOI
JCS.
CHURCHE
5.
CLERGl
HOURS OF SEI
{VICE.
Sun. S( Hoi. L
-tally.
Church of the Holy
Apostles,
Eev.J. Houghton,
A.M.
A.M. P.M.
6 9 3 5
A.M. P.M.
6 b
Canning-street.
Wed.&F.
at 9 a.m .
254
APPENDIX.
DISSENTERS' CHAPELS.
INDEPENDENTS.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
MINISTEPvS.
HOURS OP
SERVICE.
Great George-street.
Crescent, Everton.
Newington, Renshaic-st.
Hanover, Mill-street.
Toxteth,SouthHill.2}lace.
Providence, Pleasant-st.
Claremont, Kirkdale.
Hamilton-sq., Woodside.
Trinity, Wavertree.
Liscard, Cheshb'e.
Eev.T. Raffles,D.D.,LLD. 10| 6i
„ John Kelly. | lo| 6|
„ William Bevan. I lo| 6|
„ George Pridie, B.A. \ lo| 6|
„ William P. Appleford.l lo| 6|
„ Charles Farusworth, ; lol 6^
„ Joshua Tunstall. I lo| 6^
„ W. M. O'Hanlon. j 10| 6^
„ Thomas Sleigh. 10^ 6|
BAPTISTS.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
Pembroke, Pemhrokepl.
Soho-street.
Byrom-street.
Lime-street.
Comus-street.
Sidney-place, Edge-hill.
MIKISTERS.
Kev. C. M. Birrell.
„ R. B. Lancaster
„ D. H. Giles.
„ James Lister.
„ William Guyton.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
— fii
2* —
D. S. Wylie, A.M. | 10| 2J
SCOTCH SECESSION CHUECH.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
MINISTERS.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
Mount Pleasant.
Bond-street.
Eev. Hugh Crichton,D.D. 1 11 — GJ
„ John Eiddel. | 11 — 6|
APPENDIX.
255
WESLEYAN METHODISTS.
PLACES OF WOKSHIP.
HOrES OF
SERVICE.
Mount Pleasant
Pitt-street
Brunswick, Moss-street
"Wesley, Stanhope-street
Great Homer-street
Windsor
Wavertree ....
"Woolton
Garston
Old Swan
Aigburth
Brunswick, North Birkenhead.
Queen-street, Tranmere
Seacombe
West Derby
Walton
Lower Bebbington
Upper Tranmere
WESLEYAN ASSOCIATION.
PLACES OF WORSHIP. MINISTERS.
Pleasant-street.
Tabernacle, Bispham-st.
Heath-st., Toxteth Park.
Scotland-road.
Rev. J. Molyneux, Jos.
Saul, and Pi. Rutherford,
in rotation.
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
Hotham-street.
Bevington-hill.
St. James's-road.
MINISTERS.
Rev. Wm. Burrows, Wm.
Cook, and J. Candelet,
in rotation.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. E.
lOi — 6
lOl — 6
lo; — 6
256
APPENDIX
PRIMITIVE METHODISTS.
PLACES OF WOESHIP. MINISTERS.
Maguire-street.
Walnut-street.
Liscard, Cheshire.
Various.
Seamen's Church,
Eathbone-street.
INDEPEXDEXT METHODISTS.
I Eev. Edward Loxdale.
Paradise-street.
Pienshaw-street.
Park, Park-road.
UNITAPJANS.
I Eev. James Martineau.
J H. Thorn.
John Eobberds.
EEFORMED PRESBYTERIANS.
Edmund-sti-eet. ] Rev. John Nevin.
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.
Russel-street.
Rose-place.
Gill-street.
Bold-street.
King's Dock.
Hunter-street.
Woodside.
SANDEMANIANS.
I Rev. Abraham Banks.
BEREAN UNIVEESALISTS.
I Rev. David Thorn.
FLOATING CHAPEL.
I' Supplied by Dissenting
ministei-s of diflerent
denominations.
FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. A. E.
101 _ 6
10* — 6
101 3 ra
11 — 61
11 3 —
II .3 —
I lOi - 61
lOf — 6i
11 — 6J
I 11 3 —
I 11 - 61
10^ 21 -
10—6
Winter, 3
— 4 —
JEWS' SYNAGOGUE.
M. S. Oppenheim.
M. D. Isaac, lecturer.
Summer.
Friday. 71
Winter, 4^
Saturday,
8 A.M.
APPENDIX.
257
WELSH CHAPELS.
INDEPENDENTS.
PLACES OF WORSHIP. MINISTERS.
Tabernacle,
Great Crosshall-street.
Bethel, Bedford-street.
Salem, Brownloiu-hUl.
Seacombe.
Kev. Wm. Eees.
T. Pierce.
E. Thomas.
HOURS OF
SERVICE.
M. A. E.
101 2 6
lOi 2 6
10| 2 6
— 2 6
CALVINISTIC METHODISTS.
PaU Mall.
Bedford-street.
Eose-place.
BurUngton-street.
Midberry-street.
Comus-street.
Woodside.
Seacombe.
Eev. H. Bees, J. Hughes,
and John Eoberts, in
rotation.
WESLETAN METHODISTS.
Benn's Gardens.
Chester-street.
BoiToughs' Gardens.
Rev. T. Aubrey, and
— Jones, in rotation.
lOi 2
10| 2
lOi 2
INDEPENDENT METHODISTS,
lOi 2
Great Crosshall-street.
Stanhope-street.
Sir Thomas' s-buUdings.
Great Howard-street.
BAPTISTS.
Eev.
vr. Eoberts.
D. Jones.
J. Eoberts.
10
9.
10
2
10
2
10
2
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